Reeby Sports -

MINI-CASE ● ● ● ● ●

Reeby Sports Ten years ago, in 2010, George Reeby founded a small mail-order company selling high-quality sports equipment. Since those early days, Reeby Sports has grown steadily and been consistently profitable. The company has issued 2 million shares, all of which are owned by George Reeby and his five children.

106 Part One Value

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CHALLENGE 32. Constant-growth DCF formula The constant-growth DCF formula:

P 0 = DIV 1 _____ r − g

is sometimes written as:

P 0 = ROE (1 − b) BVPS ______________

r − bROE

where BVPS is book equity value per share, b is the plowback ratio, and ROE is the ratio of earnings per share to BVPS. Use this equation to show how the price-to-book ratio varies as ROE changes. What is price-to-book when ROE = r?

33. DCF valuation Portfolio managers are frequently paid a proportion of the funds under management. Suppose you manage a $100 million equity portfolio offering a dividend yield (DIV1/P0) of 5%. Dividends and portfolio value are expected to grow at a constant rate. Your annual fee for managing this portfolio is .5% of portfolio value and is calculated at the end of each year. Assuming that you will continue to manage the portfolio from now to eternity, what is the present value of the management contract? How would the contract value change if you invested in stocks with a 4% yield?

34. Valuing a business Construct a new version of Table 4.8, assuming that the concatenator division grows at 20%, 12%, and 6%, instead of 12%, 9%, and 6%. You will get negative early free cash flows.

a. Recalculate the PV of free cash flow. What does your revised PV say about the division’s PVGO?

b. Suppose the division is the public corporation Concatenator Corp, with no other resources. Thus it will have to issue stock to cover the negative free cash flows. Does the need to issue shares change your valuation? Explain. (Hint: Suppose first that Concatenator’s existing stockholders buy all of the newly issued shares. What is the value of the company to these stockholders? Now suppose instead that all the shares are issued to new stockholders, so that existing stockholders don’t have to contribute any cash. Does the value of the company to the existing stockholders change, assuming that the new shares are sold at a fair price?)

The major stock exchanges have wonderful websites. Start with the NYSE (www.nyse.com) and Nasdaq (www.nasdaq.com). Make sure you know how trading takes place on these exchanges.

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FINANCE ON THE WEB

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For some months, George has been wondering whether the time has come to take the company public. This would allow him to cash in on part of his investment and would make it easier for the firm to raise capital should it wish to expand in the future.

But how much are the shares worth? George’s first instinct is to look at the firm’s balance sheet, which shows that the book value of the equity is $26.34 million, or $13.17 per share. A share price of $13.17 would put the stock on a P/E ratio of 6.6. That is quite a bit lower than the 13.1 P/E ratio of Reeby’s larger rival, Molly Sports.

George suspects that book value is not necessarily a good guide to a share’s market value. He thinks of his daughter Jenny, who works in an investment bank. She would undoubtedly know what the shares are worth. He decides to phone her after she finishes work that evening at 9 o’clock or before she starts the next day at 6.00 a.m.

Before phoning, George jots down some basic data on the company’s profitability. After recov- ering from its early losses, the company has earned a return that is higher than its estimated 10% cost of capital. George is fairly confident that the company could continue to grow fairly steadily for the next six to eight years. In fact, he feels that the company’s growth has been somewhat held back in the last few years by the demands from two of the children for the company to make large dividend payments. Perhaps, if the company went public, it could hold back on dividends and plow more money back into the business.

There are some clouds on the horizon. Competition is increasing and only that morning Molly Sports announced plans to form a mail-order division. George is worried that beyond the next six or so years it might become difficult to find worthwhile investment opportunities.

George realizes that Jenny will need to know much more about the prospects for the business before she can put a final figure on the value of Reeby Sports, but he hopes that the information is sufficient for her to give a preliminary indication of the value of the shares.

QUESTIONS 1. Help Jenny to forecast dividend payments for Reeby Sports and to estimate the value of the

stock. You do not need to provide a single figure. For example, you may wish to calculate two figures, one on the assumption that the opportunity for further profitable investment disappears after six years and another assuming it disappears after eight years.

2. How much of your estimate of the value of Reeby’s stock comes from the present value of growth opportunities?

Chapter 4 The Value of Common Stocks 107

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  2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020E

Earnings per share ($) −2.10 −0.70 0.23 0.81 1.10 1.30 1.52 1.64 2.00 2.03

Dividend ($) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.60 0.80

Book value per share ($) 9.80 7.70 7.00 7.61 8.51 9.51 10.73 11.77 13.17 14.40

ROE (%) −27.10 −7.1   3.0   11.6   14.5   15.3   16.0   15.3   17.0   15.4

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