Read and Finish! Simple, easy, need finish in 18 hrs

Ojillius22

Raceclassandgenderslides.pdf

Home >Psychology homework help >Read and Finish! Simple, easy, need finish in 18 hrs

Diversity in Families Tenth Edition

Chapter 6

Race, Class, and Gender

Slides in this presentation contain hyperlinks. JAWS users should be able to get a list of links by using INSERT+F7

The majority of these slides originate from the publisher of your text. However, I have annotated and added material.

Race, Class, and Gender

Class, Race, and Gender as Structural Inequalities

6.1 - Explain the terms class, race, and gender as structural inequalities

Figure 6-1 People and Families in Poverty (1 of 4)

Table 6.1 People and Families in poverty by Selected Characteristics, 2011

Characteristics Below Poverty Percent

People People

Total 15

Family Status Family Status

In families 13.1

Householder 11.8

Related children under 18 21.4

In unrelated subfamilies 43.4

Reference person 40.6

Children under 18 48.4

Unrelated individual 22.8

Figure 6-1 People and Families in Poverty (2 of 4)

Table 6.1 People and Families in poverty by Selected Characteristics, 2011

Characteristics Below Poverty Percent

Sex Sex

Male 13.6

Female 16.3

Race Race

White 12.8

White, non-Hispanic 9.8

Black 27.6

Asian 12.3

Hispanic origin 25.3

Figure 6-1 People and Families in Poverty (3 of 4)

Table 6.1 People and Families in poverty by Selected Characteristics, 2011

Characteristics Below Poverty Percent

Age Age

Under 18 21.9

18 – 64 years 13.7

65 years and older 8.7

Nativity Nativity

Native 14.4

Foreign born 19

Naturalized citizen 12.5

Not a citizen 24.3

Figure 6-1 People and Families in Poverty (4 of 4)

Table 6.1 People and Families in poverty by Selected Characteristics, 2011

Source: DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-243, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012, p. 14 & 17.

Characteristics Below Poverty Percent

Region Region

Northeast 13.1

Midwest 14

South 16

West 15.8

Type of family Type of family

Married couple 6.2

Female householder (no husband present) 31.2*

Male householder (no wife present) 16.1 *Please link this to the reading about non-resident fathers.

Class 6.2 - Explain how class shapes family life

6.2 Class (1 of 2)

• The Cultural Approach

– Suggests each class has distinct cultures

– Culture of poverty

– Shortcomings of the cultural approach – Most families are not poor because of lack of motivation, but because of structural change in their situation. These include, but are not limited to a family break-up, an extended illness, or job loss.

GINI COEFFICIENT OR INDEX

• The next two tables show the GINI Coefficient

• The Gini Index is a summary measure of income inequality. The Gini coefficient incorporates the detailed shares data into a single statistic, which summarizes the dispersion of income across the entire income distribution. The Gini coefficient ranges from 0, indicating perfect equality (where everyone receives an equal share), to 1, perfect inequality (where only one recipient or group of recipients receives all the income). The Gini is based on the difference between the Lorenz curve (the observed cumulative income distribution) and the notion of a perfectly equal income distribution.

• https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/income- inequality/about/metrics/gini-index.html

Figure 6-2 Share of Aggregate Income (1 of 2)

Table 6.2 Share of Aggregate Income by Each Fifth of Households, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2011

Percentage Distribution of Aggregate Income

Year Lowest Fifth

Second Fifth

Third Fifth

Fourth Fifth

Highest Fifth

Gini Index

2011 3.2 8.4 14.3 23.0 51.1 .477

2010 3.3 8.5 14.6 23.4 50.3 .470

2007 3.4 8.7 14.8 23.4 49.7 .463

2004 3.4 8.7 14.7 23.2 50.1 .466

2000 3.6 8.9 14.9 23.0 49.6 .460

Note the increase in income inequality measured by GINI coefficient. This is Bernie Sanders big thing. The middle class is eroding. However, it looks like it came down to 0.433 in 2016. We have the highest GINI index for all G7 countries.

Figure 6-2 Share of Aggregate Income (2 of 2)

Table 6.2 Share of Aggregate Income by Each Fifth of Households, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2011

Percentage Distribution of Aggregate Income

Year Lowest Fifth

Second Fifth

Third Fifth

Fourth Fifth

Highest Fifth

Gini Index

1990 3.9 9.6 15.9 24.0 46.6 .428

1980 4.3 10.3 16.9 24.9 43.7 .403

1970 4.1 10.8 17.4 24.5 43.3 .394

Source: DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Bernadette D, Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-243, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012, p. 8.

6.2 Class (2 of 2)

• The Structural Approach pp.89-94 in your text.

– Privilege and class privilege

– Families in today’s class continuum

– Families in poverty

– Blue-collar families

– Middle-class families

– Families of professionals

– Wealthy families

Race 6.3 - Explain how race is related to family life

6.3 Race

• Racial-ethnic families

– The cultural approach

– Shortcomings of the cultural approach

▪ The cultural approach reduces families to their culture, making an ecological fallacy

▪ View family as the force that affects social structure rather than social structure as the force that affects family.

▪ It blames the victims by ignoring structural racism

▪ It does recognize the diversity within race and/or ethnicity.

6.3.1 Racial Ethnic Families

Figure 6-3 Projected Population of the United States by

Race

*Includes American Indian and Alaska Native alone, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, and Two or More Races. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2004). “U.S. Interim Projection by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin.” Internet Release Date: March 18, 2004

6.3.2 Structural Inequalities and Racial-Ethnic Families (1 of 2)

• Structural Inequalities and Racial-Ethnic Families

– Segregated neighborhoods

– Class variation

– Racial wealth gap

Figure 6.3-2a Persons by Household Type, Race, and

Ethnicity, 2011

Blank Married couple

Female householder

Male householder

Non-family household

Total

Hispanic 57.2 23.5 10.1 9.1 100.00

Native born 56.0 26.7 9.0 8.3 100.00

Foreign-born 59.4 17.9 12.2 10.6 100.00

White alone, not Hispanic

64.7 11.6 5.0 18.7 100.00

Black alone, not Hispanic

35.9 40.1 7.4 16.6 100.00

Asian alone, not Hispanic

72.1 10.2 5.7 12.0 100.00

Other, not Hispanic 53.7 25.6 8.3 12.4 100.00

All 60.0 17.4 6.3 16.3 100.00

Source: Pew Hispanic Center tabulations of 2011 American Community Survey Statistical Portrait of Hispanics in the United States, 2012. Table 17: Persons by Household Type, Race, and Ethnicity, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2013. http://www.pewhispanic.org/20l3/02/15/statistical-portrait-of-hispanics-in-the-united-states-2011/

http://www.pewhispanic.org/20l3/02/15/statistical-portrait-of-hispanics-in-the-united-states-2011/

Interpreting the table in the previous slide (6.3.2b)

• The table percentages are computed horizontally, which in a bit unusual.

• Compare the cells in one column vertically to understand the table.

• Be ready to answer questions about household structure on the next quiz.

6.3.2 Structural Inequalities and Racial-Ethnic Families (2 of 2)

Figure 6-5 Median Income by Race and Family (2011) (1 of 2)

White Alone White Alone

Married couple families $78,311

Wife in paid labor force $94,355

Wife not in paid labor force $54,055

Male household, no spouse present $47,675

Female household, no spouse present $36,041

Black Alone Black Alone

Married couple families $64,626

Wife in paid labor force $75,101

Wife not in paid labor force $42,475

Male household, no spouse present $36,477

Female household, no spouse present $25,309

Figure 6-5 Median Income by Race and Family (2011) (2 of 2)

Hispanic Hispanic

Married couple families $49,528

Wife in paid labor force $63,170

Wife not in paid labor force $34,497

Male household, no spouse present $38,222

Female household, no spouse present $24,579

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey. 2012. Table F7: Type of Family (All Races) by Median and Mean Income. Detailed tables for each race can be accessed at: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/ .is no longer online

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/

6.3.3 African American Families in the Twenty First

Century (1 of 2)

• African American Families in the Twenty-First Century

– Marriage – see pages 102-103 in your text

– Social support networks - see pages 103-104 in your text

– Inner city families and the underclass debate – see pages 103-104 in your text

Figure 6-6 U.S. Poverty Rates by Race and Ethnicity

6.3.3 African American Families in the Twenty-First

Century (2 of 2)

Figure 6-7 Marital Status by Race and Ethnicity, 2012 Blank Now

married Separated Divorced Widowed Never

married Total

Hispanic 43.4 3.6 8.3 3.3 41.4 100.00

Native born 33.0 2.8 9.0 2.9 52.3 100.00

Foreign-born 54.5 4.4 7.7 3.8 29.7 100.00

White alone, not Hispanic

52.6 1.6 11.8 6.8 27.1 100.00

Black alone, not Hispanic

28.9 4.3 12.0 6.0 48.8 100.00

Asian alone, not Hispanic

58.2 1.3 5.0 4.4 31.1 100.00

Other, not Hispanic

36.7 2.5 11.5 3.9 45.4 100.00

All 48.3 2.2 11.0 6.0 32.5 100.00

Source: Pew Hispanic Center tabulations of 2011 American Community Survey Statistical Portrait of Hispanics in the United States, 2012. Table 16: Marital Status, by Race and Ethnicity, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2013. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/02/15/statistical-portrait-of-hispanics-in-the-united-states-2011/

http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/02/15/statistical-portrait-of-hispanics-in-the-united-states-2011/

6.3.4 Latinx Families in the Twenty-First Century (1 of 2)

• Latino Families in the Twenty-First Century

– A Hispanic underclass?

– Extended kinship systems

• More Racial-Ethnic Diversity in Families: Asians, Native Americans, and Middle Easterners

– Model minority

– Diversity

6.3.5 More Racial-Ethnic Diversity in Families: Asians, Native

Americans, and Middle Easterners

Gender 6.4 - Explain how most family issues are related to gender

6.4 Gender (1 of 2)

• The Traditional Gender Roles Approach

– Talcott Parsons

– Structural functionalism

• Shortcomings of the Gender Roles Approach

– Role division not functional

– Families are integrated, not separate

6.4 Gender (2 of 2)

• The Family as a Gendered Institution

– Patriarchy – The definition is rule by fathers. Think about social structures that support patriarchy within today’s society? If you go to church or mosque, what are the teachings about patriarchy?

– Locus of struggle

– Agency within constraint - I always see the gender struggle differently than other group struggles. We may be able to live our lives without ever really caring about another person from a different race or ethnicity, or even a differing sexual orientation, but we all know and love someone from another gender.

– Every student at an HBCU should read Patricia Hill Collin’s book “Black Feminist Thought.” She is the first recognized African American scholar to produce knowledge about the intersectionality of race and gender. She developed the matrix on domination.

6.4.1 The Traditional Gender Roles Approach