Gender, Race, and Class, SOC3320- OLB1 - Race week 5
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RACE.pptxRace and Biology
A race is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other attributes.
Race has little meaning biologically due to interbreeding in the human population.
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Race vs. Ethnicity: Characteristics of Ethnic Groups
Unique cultural traits.
A sense of community.
A feeling of ethnocentrism.
Ascribed membership from birth.
Tendency to occupy a geographic area.
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Racial & Ethnicity in the U.S.
Native Americans
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASP’s)
African Americans
Asian Americans
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Filipinos
Hispanic Americans
Mexican
Puerto Ricans
Cuban Americans
White Ethnic Americans
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Table 31-1: Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 2008
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Figure 33-1: The United States: The Image of Diversity
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Figure 31-1: Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 1500-2100 (Projected)
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Prejudice
Prejudice – rigid and irrational generalization about an entire category of people
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Stereotyping
Assuming all members of a group are a particular way or an individual is like all members of a group
http://stuffwhitepeoplelike.com/
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Racism
A set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.
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Discriminatory Behavior
Discrimination: Denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias
Glass ceiling: invisible barrier blocking promotion of qualified individuals in work environment because of gender, race, or ethnicity
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Individual and Institutional Discrimination
Individual discrimination consists of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property.
Institutional discrimination consists of the day-today practices of organizations and institutions that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.
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Dominant and Subordinate Groups
A dominant group is one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society.
A subordinate group is one whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.
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The Privileges of the Dominant
White privilege: rights or immunities granted to people as a benefit or favor simply because they are white
http://www.uakron.edu/centers/conflict/docs/whitepriv.pdf
See invisible backpack exercise.
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Figure 31-3: U.S. Median Income by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
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Racism in the Workplace
“Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal?”
A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
Marianne Bertrand, Sendhil Mullainathan
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Ethnocentrism
What is ethnocentrism?
Seeing the world from the perspective of one's own culture. Believing “one’s own group is the center of everything,” against which all other groups are judged.
Belief that your group is superior
Pros & Cons
See Chaser's clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6WKz-z0GYA
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Consequence of Ethnocentrism
Hate crime: Criminal offense committed because of the offender’s bias against a race, religion, ethnic group, national origin, or sexual orientation
The government has kept stats on hate crimes since 1900 and they note that the frequency of them occurring has increased. The FBI found there were 9,000 hate crimes last year.
This is why we see that the majority of states have passed hate crime laws.
http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/11/23/hate.crimes.fbi.report/
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Consequences of Ethnocentrism
The Southern Poverty Law center (a group that documents and traces hate groups across the United States) has listed over 1000 hate groups established across the US!
If you go to their website you can see which groups are prevalent in NJ.
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Figure 31-2: Categorization of Reported Hate Crimes
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Documentary on Hate Crime
Democracy Now Presentation of White Power
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KKK (1866-Present)
Advocates white supremacy, anti-Semitism, anti-Catholicism, racism, homophobia, anti-Communism and nativism.
Often uses terrorism, violence, and acts of intimidation, such as cross burning and lynching.
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Skinheads (1950s-Present)
Named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, are a working-class subculture that originated in the United Kingdom, and then spread to other parts of the world
Originally non-political,
skinhead groups range
from far-left to
far-right now
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Aryan Nation (1970s-Present)
An international white supremacist, Neo-Nazi organization that is affiliated with the KKK.
Founded by Richard Girnt Butler as an arm of the Christian Identity group Church of Jesus Christ-Christian.
Headquarters in Idaho.
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Neo-Nazis (1940s-Present)
The ideology of post-World War II global political movements seeking to revive Nazism
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Color-Blind Racism
Color-blind racism: Use of principle of race neutrality to define racially unequal status quo
Idea that society should be color- blind perpetuates racial inequality
Color line still in place, even if more people refuse to acknowledge its existence
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Fixing Racism: Affirmative Action, EEOC, Title IX (1965-Present)
Refers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at historically socio-politically non-dominant groups, i.e., people of color and women.
Motivation for these policies is to resolve the effects of the past and to encourage businesses and public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population.
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Is racial profiling a social problem?
Racial profiling- Singling out of members of a social group for heightened police surveillance.
“DWB” “Stop & Frisk” “Police Brutality”
http://www.democracynow.org/2012/2/8/ramarley_graham_nypd_slays_unarmed_black
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