Order #417829 Topic: A#6 Final exam

QUIZ 2 .

Incorrect Question 1 0 / 1 pts

A researcher wants to observe the impact of gun control laws on police officers' use of force incidents. When defining the variables, she will use___________________as a DV.

The number of use of force incidents

Years on the force

Gun control legislation

District's violence stats

The number of use of force incidents is the proper DV for this study. It's the data to be looked at.

Question 2 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is NOT true?

Qualitative data usually focuses on words instead of numbers

Quantitative and qualitative methods are mutually exclusive

Quantitative methods are often used for explanation, description, or evaluation

Qualitative methods are often used to develop a better understanding of a situation

Quantitative and qualitative methods are mutually exclusive is the correct answer; these are not mutually exclusive.

Question 3 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is not an example of qualitative research methods?

Interviews

Participant observation

Focus groups

Statistical analysis

Stats are rarely or not used at all in QUAL research.

Incorrect Question 4 0 / 1 pts

Descriptive research is:

An example of inductive research

An example of deductive research

A combination of inductive and deductive research

Neither inductive nor deductive research

Descriptive research is neither inductive nor deductive research.

Incorrect Question 5 0 / 1 pts

A researcher investigates the association between urban gangs and violence. He then constructs a theory stating that violent behavior is a function of deviant subcultures. His research project is an example of:

Unethical research

Socially unimportant research

Deductive research

Descriptive research

Inductive research

Inductive research is the correct answer; going from patterns to the development of theory.

Question 6 1 / 1 pts

For the hypothesis “if gun control laws are stricter, crime will decrease”, ____________ is the independent variable and _____________ is the dependent variable.

Gun owners' adherence to laws, criminal activity level

Criminal activity level, gun owners' adherence to laws

Strength of gun control laws, criminal activity level

Criminal activity level, strength of gun control laws

Strength of gun control laws, gun owners' adherence to laws

Strength of gun control laws (IV), criminal activity level (DV).

Question 7 1 / 1 pts

When evaluating a potential research question, it is important that:

The question is unlikely to be falsified

The question has little social importance

The question is scientifically irrelevant

The study is feasible given the time frame and resources

The study will involve risk to subjects

The study is feasible given the time frame and resources is the correct answer.

Question 8 1 / 1 pts

What is the independent variable in the following research question, “If inmates are visited more frequently will they be more likely to follow prison rules regardless of their gender, age, or ethnicity?”

Inmate gender

Inmate age

Frequency of Visitation

Frequency of rule violations

Inmate ethnicity

Frequency of Visitation is the IV.

Question 9 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is not one of the ethical elements established in the “Belmont Report”?

Beneficence

Justice

Openness

Respect

Beneficence, Justice and Respect are the 3 principles. Openness doesn't belong in this group.

Incorrect Question 10 0 / 1 pts

Researchers must set aside all personal biases and prejudices if research is to be approached:

Objectively

Qualitatively

Quantitatively

Subjectively

Biases must be set aside to achieve objectivity.

Question 11 1 / 1 pts

Most universities require researchers to have all research involving human subjects authorized by the:

Ethics and research subcommittee

Human subjects review panel

Institutional review board

University research committee

Institutional review board is the correct answer.

Question 12 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is not a current ethical standard?

Research should cause no harm to subjects

Anonymity or confidentiality should be maintained

Researchers should fully disclose their identity when possible

Subjects should be financially compensated for their time and effort

Benefits of the research should outweigh any foreseeable risks

Subject compensation is not part of the ethical guidelines.

Incorrect Question 13 0 / 1 pts

Operationalization is the process of:

Creating concepts for variables

Specifying the operations that will be used to indicate the value of a variable

Validating research findings using multiple operations

Specifying what we mean by a term

Specifying the operations that will be used to indicate the value of a variable.

Question 14 1 / 1 pts

Which word is an example of an exploratory verb to use in developing QUAL research questions?

Discover

Determine

Influence

Impact

The term "discover" is aligned with QUAL research, the other terms provided are used mostly in QUAN studies.

Question 15 1 / 1 pts

Which word is an example of a verb to use in QUAN research questions?

Affect

Explore

Understand

Discover

Affect is the right verb, the other terms are used in QUAL research.

Question 16 1 / 1 pts

According to Creswell, QUAL research questions should begin with the words "how" or "what" to illustrate an emergent, inductive design.

True

False

The statement provided is true.

Question 17 1 / 1 pts

The null hypothesis predicts there is a relationship between the variable and a significant difference between the groups.

True

False

The NULL always predicts no relationship or no effect of one variable over the other.

Question 18 1 / 1 pts

In QUAN research, hypothesis testing provides an accurate measure of the difference between or among group means.

True

False

Hypothesis testing gives the researcher a measure of probability, and that is the probability that these means came from a population in which the NULL hypothesis is TRUE. Only when that probability is small (or smaller than .05 or .01) the researcher will conclude that the means come from different populations and will reject the NULL. The actual differences between means is given by the "Effect Size".

Incorrect Question 19 0 / 1 pts

A researcher wants to test a case of special deterrence theory. For her study she will look at recidivism rates of subjects arrested on a first marijuana possession charge and sentenced to spend sixty days in a boot camp designed for first time offenders. As a control group, she'll use another group of participants who also were arrested for the first time, but were given probation or light sentences. The IV in her study will be:

Boot camp

Probation

Recidivism rate

First marijuana posession

The IV the investigator is interested in is the one that would impact the recidivism rate, in this case, the boot camp.

Incorrect Question 20 0 / 1 pts

If the IRB has not reviewed the study and a researcher asks potential participants if they would be interested in being part of a research study even though he (i.e., the researcher) DOES NOT collect data, he is in violation of federal regulations involving participation of humans in research.

True

False

True statement. Asking participants for potential involvement is considered "recruitment" and the IRB needs to approve the proposed sampling strategies before the researcher can proceed.