essay

For each of the following essay questions, write a DOUBLE-SPACED response. Use proper textual citations and provide apa formatted references at the end of the test item only. Do not do a reference page at the end. If you use a reference and fail to cite in the text, you will receive zero (0) points for that question. Begin writing below the question for each item.

 

1. In AT LEAST 2 double spaced pages and NO MORE than 3 double spaced pages (question content and reference section do not count toward page requirements), describe what is meant generally by Validity. Explain construct validity, internal validity, external validity, and conclusion validity including all of the associated threats for each (34 points).

a. Define validity 2pt

b. Define construct validity 3pts

c. Explain all threats to construct validity 6pts

d. Define internal validity 3pts

e. Explain all threats to internal validity 6pts

f. Define external validity 3pts

g. Explain 3 threats to external validity 5pts

h. Explain conclusion validity 2pt

i. Explain generally how conclusion validity can be threatened 3pt

j. APA reference at the bottom of the answer (no separate page) 1pt

 

2. Consider the following situation: you have been hired by a game studio and your first task is to help develop a policy and procedure for measuring employee performance. You remember for your RTD class material that measuring performance is one of the toughest challenges for most organizations and it is very frequently done with poor validity. Your boss doesn’t really understand the concept of validity as it applies to performance measurement and she has asked that you provide a brief paper explaining how performance is defined in the scientific literature, the challenges faced by organizations in defining and measuring performance, and the problems that can occur as a result of using either un-validated or poor validity performance metrics. In AT LEAST 2 double spaced pages and NO MORE than 3 double spaced pages (question content and reference section do not count toward page requirements), complete the brief (33 points).

a. Define performance 2pt

b. Explain the concept of validity as it relates to measuring performance 5pt

c. Discuss how different definitions make it challenging to measure 5pts

d. Explain at least 2 approaches to defining performance 5pts

e. Explain at least 2 approaches to measuring employee performance 5pts

f. Discuss at least 4 problems to organizations that can occur as a result of using performance measures with poor validity 10pts

g. APA reference at the bottom of the answer (no separate page) 1pt

 

3. In AT LEAST 2 double spaced pages and NO MORE than 3 double spaced pages (question content and reference section do not count toward page requirements), discuss the main points of at least one journal article regarding the trait approach to leadership, including contribution to the literature and at least two threats to validity (33 points):

a. Discuss main contribution to the literature 6pts

b. Explain how the trait approach can be utilized by you as a leader 10pts

c. Discuss two strengths to the validity of the article 6pts

d. Discuss two threats to validity (include type of validity, threat to validity, definition of the threat, and explain why) 10pts

e. APA reference at the bottom of the answer (no separate page) 1pt