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Question 12 pts

The Roman emperor Constantine:

Group of answer choices

rejected all traditional Roman religious practices, and persecuted those that refused to convert to Christianity

required all Christian converts to follow Jewish laws and dietary restrictions

ordered the toleration of all religions, including Christianity, and was baptized as a Christian himself shortly before he died

raised taxes on the Christian Church in an effort to stop the spread of Christianity

 

Flag question: Question 2

Question 22 pts

The Arian interpretation of Christianity differed from Trinitarian Christianity because:

Group of answer choices

Arian Christians did not believe that Jesus was the son of God, but simply a gifted philosopher whose teachings were inspired by a divine force

Arius of Alexandria argued that Jesus was inferior to God because he was born and died and that, because he was partly human, he served as an example to all humans

Arian Christians continued to follow Jewish law, observe Jewish dietary restrictions, and celebrate all Jewish holidays

Arian Christians believed that it was acceptable for believers to worship the Roman gods as well as Jesus, and that all divine beings are essentially equal

 

Flag question: Question 3

Question 32 pts

Called by the emperor Constantine in 325 CE, the Council of Nicaea:

Group of answer choices

condemned the practice of Arian Christianity, and accepted the doctrine of the Trinity

banned the practice of Christianity in all Roman provinces

outlawed the practice of any religion other than Christianity, but accepted both Arian and Trinitarian Christianity as legitimate interpretations

required all Christian converts to follow Jewish laws and dietary restrictions

 

Flag question: Question 4

Question 42 pts

How was the Greek city of Byzantium transformed by the emperor Constantine in 330 CE?

Group of answer choices

Constantine declared an end to the "New Roman" empire, established the Byzantine Empire in its place, and banned the practice of Christianity 

Byzantium was rededicated as Constantinople and became the imperial capital of the entire Roman Empire

Byzantium was given by treaty to the Persian Empire as a peace offering

Constantine designated Byzantium as a city where Roman citizens could worship the Roman gods freely, without fear of persecution

 

Flag question: Question 5

Question 52 pts

The Emperor Justinian’s program for revitalizing the Byzantine state included:

Group of answer choices

the revision and reorganization of existing Roman law into the Corpus Juris Civilus, or Justinian Code

a conscious attempt to revive the old Roman Empire by ordering military campaigns to reconquer Italy and North Africa from barbarian tribes

sponsoring large-scale building projects, like the construction of the great Church of Hagia Sophia

all of the other answers are true

 

Flag question: Question 6

Question 62 pts

Augustine of Hippo was:

Group of answer choices

the Christian monk who wrote the rule book which was used to organize most eastern European monastic communities

the military leader who united the northern and southern halves of the Roman Empire

the Catholic missionary responsible for introducing Christianity to Ireland

the North African scholar whose ideas became the foundation of Western Christian theology, and the author of City of God

 

Flag question: Question 7

Question 72 pts

What does The Rule of St. Benedict say about monks owning personal property?

Group of answer choices

The Rule of St. Benedict allows monks to own some personal items that are meaningful to them, like books and pens, but discourages the ownership of expensive luxury goods 

The Rule of St. Benedict encouraged monks to accumulate personal wealth as a way to help fund the operating costs of the monastery

The Rule of St. Benedict does not say anything specific about whether or not monks should own personal property, so some monks did and some didn't

The Rule of St. Benedict refers to personal property as a "wicked vice" and prohibits monks from owning anything of their own

 

Flag question: Question 8

Question 82 pts

Benedictine monasteries became vitally important in medieval Europe as:

Group of answer choices

military bases used for the conquest of Islamic territories 

centers of religious life, but also as centers of political administration, economic development, and learning

all of the other answers are true

manufacturing centers organized to supply the Byzantine army with weapons and tools

 

Flag question: Question 9

Question 92 pts

In Islamic tradition, the Qu’ran is:

Group of answer choices

the only acceptable source of information about the life of Muhammed

a book of inspirational sayings, but is not considered holy or divinely inspired

simply the Law Code of Hammurabi translated into Arabic

the direct word of God revealed to his Prophet, Muhammad

 

Flag question: Question 10

Question 102 pts

Although the concept been interpreted by differently by different groups over time, many Muslims believe that an artist should not depict the human form, or the form of any creature. Why?

Group of answer choices

Because when an artist depicts the human form or the form of any creature, they are putting themselves in a role reserved for God - that of creator

Because Islam is considered a universal religion, and drawing pictures of people or animals that live in a specific region tends to undermine Islam's universal message

Because human beings and animals are inherently weak and sinful, and depictions of them only remind the viewer of their sins

Because living creatures are difficult to draw accurately, and Muslims should always strive for perfection 

 

Flag question: Question 11

Question 112 pts

According to the documentary The Hidden Art of Islam, what is the purpose behind the repetitions of geometric patterns found in Islamic art?

Group of answer choices

To teach mathematical principles to ordinary men and women who would not have access to other instructional materials

To distract the viewer from the boredom of listening to religious texts being read aloud at mosques 

To bring the viewer to a contemplative state which allows them to think about the repetition of patterns within nature that God created, and to emphasize the importance of unity, logic, and order

To glorify the political leaders who provided the money for the creation of art and architecture

 

Flag question: Question 12

Question 122 pts

Charlemagne:

Group of answer choices

all of the other answers are true

expanded the Carolingian Empire in western Europe so that only Britain, southern Italy, and parts of Spain lay outside his control

accepted the title of Holy Roman Emperor, and was crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day in 800 CE

rose to power as the king of the Franks

 

Flag question: Question 13

Question 132 pts

What changed because of the Carolingian Renaissance?

Group of answer choices

Latin usage improved, and basic literacy was extended among some of the clergy and even among some of the Frankish nobility

all of the other answers are true

a new form of writing known as Carolingian minuscule was developed, which used  both upper and lower case letters and took up less space on a handwritten page

numerous books were copied for the library at the palace school at Aachen and for monastic communities, preserving many ancient texts

 

Flag question: Question 14

Question 142 pts

Viking expansion was possible because:

Group of answer choices

the Vikings were the first to develop gunpowder, which was of limited use in battle but frightened local people into surrender

of Viking sailing technology, which produced strong, maneuverable, ships that could hold up to 60 men and were used not only to conduct raids, but also to connect a vast trading network

Europe had become largely uninhabited after the collapse of the Roman Empire, so Vikings were largely unopposed as they settled new areas

the Vikings adopted Roman military weapons and battle techniques that allowed them to dominate local Celtic tribes

 

Flag question: Question 15

Question 152 pts

Harald Bluetooth (Blåtand):

Group of answer choices

is the inspiration behind the naming of Bluetooth wireless technology, which was developed in Scandinavia

all of the other answers are true

was the Viking king who consolidated control of Denmark, and briefly ruled parts of modern Norway

is the credited with bringing Christianity to Denmark, although the nature of his conversion is unclear

 

Flag question: Question 16

Question 162 pts

What evidence suggests an overlap between the Viking and Islamic worlds?

Group of answer choices

Researchers in Sweden have found Arabic characters woven into burial costumes from Viking boat graves

all of the other answers are true

A Viking ring with a Kufic inscription saying "for Allah" was found inside a 9th-century woman's grave in Birka, Sweden.

Contact between the Viking and Muslim worlds has long been established by historic accounts and the discovery of Islamic coins across the northern hemisphere. DNA analysis from other Viking tomb excavations have shown some of the people buried in them originated from places like Persia, where Islam was dominant.

 

Flag question: Question 17

Question 172 pts

William of Normandy’s conquest of England in 1066 is an example of the:

Group of answer choices

larger, more stable monarchies created in western Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries

inability of the British Popes to stop invasions

success of Islamic expansion into northern Europe

military power of the Byzantine emperors

 

Flag question: Question 18

Question 182 pts

The Bayeux Tapestry is significant because:

Group of answer choices

it is a unique visual source of information about not just the Norman Conquest itself, but also about Norman dress, ship building, architecture, hair styles, and weaponry

the inscriptions embroidered into the tapestry are the first examples of English as a written language

it is the oldest surviving piece of woven cloth found anywhere in the world, and gives historians valuable information about ancient textile production

it illustrates how much influence the Byzantine empire had in western Europe

 

Flag question: Question 19

Question 192 pts

The Domesday Book:

Group of answer choices

is an invaluable source of historical information about 11th-century England

is a remarkably detailed survey of England conducted during William the Conqueror’s reign

was used for many centuries for both administrative and legal purposes

all of the other answers are true

 

Flag question: Question 20

Question 202 pts

The impact of Norman rule on England included:

Group of answer choices

all of the other answers are true

the introduction of Norman French which, when mixed with Anglo-Saxon, has often resulted in two different words for the same thing in modern English

the redistribution of land and church offices to William of Normandy's allies, often the second, third, or fourth sons of Norman nobles who would not inherit land in Normandy

the introduction of feudalism

 

Flag question: Question 21

Question 212 pts

The Abbey of Cluny was important during the during the tenth and eleventh centuries because:

Group of answer choices

it was the last monastery to be established in Europe before the Islamic conquest of France

the pope lived there

it was the center of monastic reform, and the monks at Cluny strictly followed the Benedictine Rule

the monks at Cluny adopted elements of Islamic worship into their religious practices

 

Flag question: Question 22

Question 222 pts

The Crusades:

Group of answer choices

began as a reaction to the Byzantine Empire's invasion of France

have often been portrayed as "clash of civilizations," but the reality is more complex and recent scholarship has shown that there was widespread cooperation and exchange between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East

were organized to root out and eliminate Arian Christianity from Asia Minor

 

set off a "clash of civilizations" between Christians and Muslims that has lasted for many centuries

 

Flag question: Question 23

Question 232 pts

Into what three groups did medieval people tend to divide their society?

Group of answer choices

Those who tax, those who pay, and those who have nothing.

Those who legislate, those who enforce, and those who obey.

Those who work, those who fight, and those who pray.

Those who buy, those who sell, and those who produce.

 

Flag question: Question 24

Question 242 pts

The manor:

Group of answer choices

was the basic unit of agricultural organization in much of medieval Europe

all of the other answers are true

often included fields set aside for the grazing of animals, forest land for the gathering of firewood, and a parish church

can be defined as the estate of a lord, or landholder, and his dependent tenants

 

Flag question: Question 25

Question 252 pts

Many medieval peasants were serfs, and could not leave the land they farmed. What was the difference between a serf and a slave?

Group of answer choices

Unlike slaves, serfs could not be bought and sold.

Serfs were born in the country in which they worked, but slaves were brought in from other countries.

Slaves never worked as farm laborers, but serfs always did.

Serfs were set free after they reached age thirty, but slaves were slaves for life.

 

Flag question: Question 26

Question 262 pts

The Luttrell Psalter is significant because:

Group of answer choices

it was the first book to be produced on a printing press

it was the first religious book produced in western Europe that used a common language instead of Latin for its text

of its rich illustrations of everyday rural life in the 1300s, which give historians valuable information about medieval agriculture and farming techniques

it contains the only contemporary description of the effects of the Black Death on the population of western Europe

 

Flag question: Question 27

Question 272 pts

By the 11th century, medieval towns: 

Group of answer choices

were centers of trade and craft

began to grow in both size and population, which was possible in part because of agricultural improvements that allowed more food to be produced

were still relatively small by modern standards

all of the other answers are true

 

Flag question: Question 28

Question 282 pts

Medieval guilds:

Group of answer choices

acted as a social support system for guild families

often formed the core of town government, and helped established a town’s political independence

all of the other answers are true

prohibited trade or production by nonmembers, ensured quality control, and set rules for apprenticeship

 

Flag question: Question 29

Question 292 pts

Music in medieval Europe:

Group of answer choices

was strictly prohibited except in religious settings, and anyone caught playing or singing outside of church was punished

was commonly written down in exacting detail, and modern scholars have an exceptionally good understanding of the performance practices of both sacred and secular music

had many different functions in society, both sacred and secular, and was taught in medieval universities as part of the Quadrivium, which also included the study of arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy

was never written down, so scholars have no idea what kind of music was played or what purpose it served in medieval society

 

Flag question: Question 30

Question 302 pts

What was the underlying cause of the crop failures that led to the Great Famine?

Group of answer choices

A cooling climate and heavy rains caused crop failure across northern Europe.

Rising temperatures and frequent drought caused crop failure across southern Europe.

Peasants rioted in protest against poor working conditions, which resulted in crops not being planted on schedule. 

An unexplained explosion of the rodent population caused the destruction of most grain crops.