Quality Time in Children (Abstract)

Running head: QUALITY TIME IN CHILDREN 1

QUALITY TIME IN CHILDREN 4

Quality Time in Children.

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Abstract: Introduction

Quality time invested in children is far more effective than material thinks, and corrective measures taken to discipline a child. A recent study conducted has shown that parents should invest quality time in their children the time spent together aids in the formation of long-lasting connections between family members. In recent years the amount of quality time spent by parents in their children has reduced due to the increase in the economy making it difficult for parents to provide a stable environment (Nelson, 2015). The quality time set aside to carry out weekly family bonding activities is important. The study showed that when parents or guardians spend quality time spent with the kids the opportunity of their children getting involved in dangerous activities significantly reduces. Young children often need quality of time with their patient or guardians since this is the most crucial time when they shape their characteristics and mentality based on their surroundings (Nelson, 2015). Quality time with children causes positive effects on their physical and emotional behavior during their child development. A recent study conducted showed that a parent requires to spend o.7 average hours with children under the age of 6 and o.4 hours with slightly older children. Quality time with children is important in the creation of everlasting parental bonds, accepting and strengthening the child’s character, and teaching them long lasting virtues. The problem statement is that parents and guardians lack quality time with their children as they are busy chasing material wealth. (Nelson, 2015)

The problem statement is due to the reduction in the quality time spent with children as most parents are busy working and chasing their dreams. This exposes the child early one without any experience hence the parents are unable to detect the emerging problems in their children. The research question is on the importance of quality time in children? The research question is based on the problem statement of the paper which describes how parents spend minimum amount of time with their children leading to them feeling alienated and unloved. The hypothesis made is that there is no quality time invested in the children by the parents making them engage in risky and dangerous activities as they lack the proper guidance and motivation (Nelson, 2015). The hypothesis formed states that the lack of quality time with the children make them week targets for risky behaviors which is biased since not all kids turn out terribly. The child reaction to lack of quality time is based on their coping mechanism. The hypothesis was made from the limited evidence provided by the research carried out but gave me a good starting point during my investigation (Nelson, 2015). The thesis statement is that investing quality time in children brings great benefits because it allows them to grow up more secure, increases morale in society, and contributes to achieving a better education.

Literature Review:

Spending time with your child as a parent is essential. Quality time does not refer to the amount of time, but it refers to the time spent with a child with undivided attention, doing together what they like most, telling them how much you love them, asking about their day, probing further to know about their friends, insecurities, what they have realized they like or dislike, doing this without involving in any other task meanwhile. This can be very few minutes but very important and valuable. This should not only apply to small kids but children of any age.

Failing to spend quality time with your child will lead to several harmful effects on the child such as; family bond weakening, this comes about when parents do not get to sit down with their kids hold conversations and listen to them, ending up to live two different lives. The child ends up confiding in friends or even strangers that tend to show them the attention they want and this might to them being taken advantage of. The child may also end up being emotionally distressed because they do not get access to their parents to talk about their insecurities or someone to trust with their secrets.

Deterioration in their academic performances, children that are helped by their parents to do their schoolwork tend to be more enthusiastic about everything and hence good performance and positive attitude towards school as compared to those that are taught by hired home tutors. Bad behaviors such as bullying, quick to anger this to help them express their suppressed feelings.

Overreliance on social media, a child that feels that the parents do not have time for her/him tend to rely too much on social media ending up being addicted to their phones hence isolating themselves too much from any physical relationships and may not be able to conversations,(Kardefelt-Winther, 2017).

Children that get to have quality time with their parents tend to be good friends with their peers since they know how to create bonds and how to have small talks. These children rarely get into trouble either at home or school since they have good behaviors.

Children that get to spend time with their parent do have good physical health. This is because as a family they take part in the preparation of meals getting to know how to live healthily. Most of these kids are always emotionally stable and available.

Currently, parents spend little or no time with their children, this is because of the long hours spent at work trying to make extra cash so that the children to live a luxurious life. Involving the kids in different activities at school so that they are not left behind by other kids, parents do this without understanding that however much money they spend on their children it will never be able to compensate the quality time they should spend with their children.

However much teens tend to want their freedom and being independent spending time with them is essential, this is to help them grow and know that they are more important and whenever they need to vent their feelings they will come straight to the parent, this ends up creating a strong bond between parents and their children.

Issues such as divorce affect both the parent-children relationship. Especially during the divorce process, it is always a hectic and stressful time for the parents and very confusing for children. Parents at this time should always look for time to spend with the kids, play video games with them go to picnics while trying to explain the situation at hand. This will help them understand what is going on and this way their mental and emotional health is protected, hence not ending up depressed, (Hygen, Belsky, Stenseng, Skalicka, Kyande, Zhal-Thanem, Wichstrom, 2020).

Some controversial topics are that children that are raised by single parents tend to be the most affected since their parents spend almost all their time at work. But some say any parent that is interested in being in their child's life will always squeezes their schedule to find time to spend with the kids. This is particularly true because some kids raised by single parents grow up to be better than those that grew up with both parents.

After the industrial revolution, fathers started spending more time in the industries and little time to spend at home with the family as a whole. This has led to them being viewed as merely the providers of the family, the emotional unavailability of the father greatly affect the child’s development.

Children that grow up without their fathers tend to have behavioral issues and mostly girls always turn to drug abuse. These children’s brain development is always permanently altered with and they tend to be aggressive all the time. Especially for the male kids, they do need the father around to have the idea and emulate how a man should be, although this is one of the topics with different views, ( Mclntosh, J & Tan 2017).

Issues such as divorce especially at a young age are hard to tackle. My view is that primary custody should always be given to one parent but it should be 50/50. This gives the children equal time to spend with both the parents, even though the parents do not live together it will not make a huge difference, (Turney, Halpern-Meekin, 2017).

Single mothers raising kids should always try to have a father figure in their kids' lives. This can be their uncle, grandfather, or big cousin that could spend quality time with them and do activities that they would have done with their father. This will help in their brain development, help them control their aggression, and also their chances of turning to abuse of substances minimal,( Hetherington, 2014).

Methodology:

Quality time is when children spend with their parents to make them feel closer, more in love, and connected before that moment. In recent time, the scarcity of family time is becoming a topic of interest in determining how children spend their time. Generally, time allocation has various implications for children's development. Parent-children relationship is essential for growth, social development, and emotional and cognitive functioning, leading to better physical and mental health.

Childhood experiences are likely to affect the well-being of these children as they grow. Thus parent impact is significant during their growing period when the children's brains are developing, and children have new experiences. Therefore, parents play an essential role in redefining their skills and knowledge and their learning experience as they continue to explore the vast world around them. The parent is the one who introduces children to society and the world in it, and thus they need to guide them in understanding the value of community and the choice and experience they will have in their life to come. Therefore it is essential to determine the role of quality time on children's overall development.

Generally, they are different types of development that occur in a child that may be impacted by quality time. This may include physical development, which starts from infancy to late adolescence and involves learning essential fine motor skills. Another development that may be impacted cognitive skills involves knowledge development such as skills. Language development is essential to understanding how communication occurs, and other developments such as emotion or social, which are critical to society for every child to integrate effectively. Thus family time, when utilized as quality time for the children, is good for their well-being (Offer, 2013).

Research design

The research design to be used in this study will be the quantitive method. Quantitative research is referred to as the process of numerical data collection and analysis(Apuke, 2017). Thus, in this case, the phenomena are systematically investigated to gather quantifiable data after performing computational or statistical techniques. The data can be collected in various methods as long as it will be systematically evaluated by the researcher to make sense of the meaning of the data in a different context, thus understanding the various factors affecting or relating to the topic under study.

It is used to find patterns and averages, causal test relationships, make a prediction, and generalized wider population results. It can be used in social and natural sciences such as sociology that making it a perfect method to determine the role of quality time on children's overall development. A quantitative research approach can be applied in various ways, including descriptive, correlational, and experimental approaches. The descriptive approach usually aims and seeks the study variable overall summary, while in the correlational approach, it investigates the study variables relationship. In the experimental approach, examine more the cause and effect of the variable under study.

They are various type of quantitative research design which includes observation, survey, or even experiment. In this research on the quality time on children's overall impact, it will apply the survey method, which involves asking questions to the individual or a group of people using various means. The research for choosing a quantitative research design includes replication, direct comparison of results, large samples, and enables hypothesis testing.

Generally, with quantitative research, study repetition is possible because data collection is through standardized protocols with abstract concepts with tangible definitions. It also enables direct comparison of results within different participants groups, and this will be effective considering the research will apply a more significant population sample to determine the quality time of children's overall impact on their development.

More data from the large sample can be analyzed and processed using consistent and reliable procedures by quantitative data analysis. The benefit of hypothesis analysis will ensure that the researcher will consider study variables such as data collection, prediction, and testing methods to determine the conclusion. More reliable data will be collected using these techniques, which will be essential in determining quality time in children and its impact on their development.

Purpose of the study

Spending quality time together between parents and children is important to promote children's positive development. Present research indicates that many impact children's behaviors, quality, and other factors of development. Quality time is considered to have a positive impact on the welling being of children. The purpose of this research will be to;

i. To examine the relationship between quality time in children and the impact on childhood development.

ii. Determine quality time in children impact on physical development

iii. Determine quality time in children impact on social development

iv. Determine quality time in children impact on emotional development

v. Determine quality time in children impact on language development

vi. Determine quality time in children impact on cognitive development

vii. Examine the relationship between quality time in children and family strength

viii. Determine parent perception concerning the quality of time and the various activity in which family regards spending quality time with their children.

Problem statement

There has been various importance that has been suggested by studies that come as a result of family spending quality time with their children. It is considered that the family bond is essential in children's lives as they earn to function and integrate into society. However, there has been a study showing the importance of quality time in children. The exact nature of the impact on their various forms of development is yet to be understood in a better context. Some have considered quality time alone to impact the children's story, but they have generalized this to only improving the family bond. Spending time does not mean any quantity of time, as the quality is the primary factor for children's development.

Generally, there have been many other factors attributed to childhood development: environment, sex, heredity, nutrition, and geographic influence. All these factors have been widely researched on how they impact children's development. Regardless, there is not much study and research on quality time in children's impact on their development. It is thus important to research how quality time impacts development. It will also give a clear perception of parent view on quality time and how they engage in quality time with their children. Generally, this research will be broad and will seek to determine the impact of children's quality of time. It is essential as they are in the early stage of learning, developing, and adapting to society.

Research Questions

i. What is your understanding of quality time in children?

ii. What are some of the activities and moments that can be considered as quality time in children?

iii. Why is quality time necessary for the family and their children?

iv. How does parent benefit from a quality time when they are with the children?

v. How do children benefit from the quality time they spend with their parents?

vi. What are some of the impacts of quality time have on child development in terms of physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and language development?

vii. How can quality time in children be improved?

viii. How do quality time impact on family strength?

ix. Various ways of improving quality of time?

x. Other factors impacting quality of time?

Hypothesis

This study's hypothesis is that they will be a relationship between quality time and children's well-being. There will be a positive impact of quality time on children's social development, cognitive development, language development, and physical development. They are also expected to significantly impact parents when they spent quality time with their children. More so, there is a desired significant relationship between the children and family strength due to quality time.

Participants

This study will include 60 families with children between the age of two to ten years. The participants will be recruited from local areas educational facility for young children when the parent will be requested to participate in the study involving quality time in children and its impact on their overall development. The researcher will inform all potential families verbally with the children between the specified age to enroll in the program of determining the children's well-being. The enrollment exercise will be carried out within the local education facility development center. The researcher will also give the informed consent materials and questionnaire, which will be used to investigator the topic understand and help measure the concept of quality time and its impact on different development of their children.

Generally, the participants will also be given two envelopes where one will be to place the questionnaire form while the other is for the consent form to ensure confidentiality and privacy are maintained during the study. The exercise required the parent to read the consent form; if they agree to be involved in the study, they were indicated by a signature when they could then fill in the question before returning it to the researcher and the consent form for the analysis. The questionnaire will be guided by various formulated questions that will help the research get a clear insight on this top of quality time in children and the overall impact on their development.

Data Collection Method

For this study, the researcher will apply questionnaires to gather information from the participants, who are generally parents with children between the ages of two and ten. The questionnaire will have different parts starting with the demographic area, which will be concentrated mostly on the participant's basic information, such as parent gender, age, number of children, and education. This will help analyze essential details such as the parent's average name and the average number of children.

The other different part of the questionnaire will involve an around 20 item scale involving quality time in children and how it is spent. In this section, 20 areas, which are considered quality time, will be measured using the scale. The scale will concentrate on different parameters such as the number of times certain activities or moments thought quality time occurs, such as expressing affections and participating in outdoor activities with the children. The researcher plan to use a range score from zero to five to indicate how much children are engaged in quality time with their families.

The thirds session on the questionnaire will be based on parent perception of quality time and its effect on them and how they see the children react to quality time. This will help in determining whether parents are aware of the importance of quality time and whether from their changes in their children when they engage in quality time. More so, since parents can be able to observe and detect their children's reaction when involved in quality time, they will also be required to give their perception regarding how children view quality time.

The last section will be to measure quality time impact on children's development across the various domain. A 20 item assessment test will also guide this. For this each part, there will be several assessment questions used to determine and rate the impact of quality time on children's development. For instance, in social development, assessment questions such as playing with other children and trusting of familiar faces will be used. On the language development, assessment questions such as participating in conversations will be used while in cognitive assessment questions such as using problem-solving will be used. More os in physical development questions such as fine motor skills will be assessed.

Recruitment of the Study Participants

The recruitment method will randomly be conducted as long as the participants reached the study's criteria. The criteria include being a parent of children at the age of two to ten years of age. The participant should also be willing to be involved in the topic under study involving quality time in children and the overall impact on their development. The third requirement for recruitment to participation is reading through the consent form and agreeing on its details by providing a signature in the form at the bottom. All this recruitment will be done in the local education development center where it is easy to involve the parent who has children who are still under development as they are between the age of two to ten years of age.

Data collection and analysis

The data collected as it has been started will be through the questionnaire with different scale items that will be used to accessing the various factors of consideration on quality time in children and the impact on their development. For the analysis, percentage and frequencies description will be used to analyze the data. This is by utilizing computer software to enter the questionnaire data for the analysis. The questionnaire's data will be first saved in the Microsoft work before it is then imported to the computer program. By analysis, the researcher will determine different patterns and common threads reflecting on the participant's feedback on the top of quality time in children and the impact on child development. The research plan to use MAXQDA software programs will help analyze and find the common themes while determining the relationship between the various attributes of the study, such as quality of time impact on children's physical development.

More so, during the process of data collection and analysis, the research will ensure ethical considerations are followed, such as emphasizing the participants going through consent form so that they will be engaging in the study at their own willingness. This principle is vital to ensure that participants are provided with sufficient information and assurance so that they can understand the implications of engaging in the research and if they are willing to do so.

Another consideration is the avoidance of offensive language or discriminatory in the formulation of the research questions in the questionnaire. The participants have to feel safe and comfortable while engaging in the exercise, and also they the right to terminate the exercise of answering the questionnaires unfinished. More so, privacy considering will be ensured by giving the participants an envelope where they could put both the consent form and the question in the different envelope without each participant's information being reviewed. This will ensure that the data collected and used for analysis is valid and free from errors resulting from not considering ethical issues.

Limitation

Some of the limitations would be the number of available participants as more participants would indicate more factual data is collected. Since it may be hard to get a large number of participants, the researcher may not be able to collect in-depth data regarding the quality time in children and how it impacts children's development. Another limitation could be the time while both are collecting and analyzing data. The questionnaire is usually time-consuming when collecting data as some of the participants may take longer before they complete the questions. Thus with time issues, the researcher will not involve a larger sample size (McLeod, 2018).

More so, time is also an issue when analyzing the data to find common patterns and trends under study. For instance, the research will have to copy the data into Microsoft Word and categorize it by cording, which is often complicated and time-consuming, before uploading it to the programs for the result of analysis to be visible. This is usually time-consuming, limiting the research in conducting an effective and efficient analysis. More so, the study may be limited by having less educated participants who will not respond clearly to the questions as required in the questionnaire.

Implication

Quality time has a positive influence on the development of children. Many parents are aware of this important, although not all take the opportunities to be involved in quality time with their children. Thus is a need for scholars and other professionals such as health professionals to insist on the parent critical of quality time and how it can be utilized. On the other hand, other parents do not know how to different quantity from a quality, as they may spend a lot of time with their children but not ensure it quality time, which will impact them positively.

They may simple things that can improve the relationship between parents and their children as long as they are there to create time and bond with them. The good thing about quality time is not how much money a parent spends on a child but how available they are to their children to give them freedom, joy, contentment, and peace while they are together to feel the loving bond. The parent should emphasize that family time is essential to ensure it materializes into quality time, which is critical for child development. This study will give more insight into these implications of the positive impact of quality time in children.

Results/Finfings

Many studies have shown that children spend more time with their parents, mostly their fathers recently that 30 years ago, the issues over nonexistence of family time show a predominant feeling in modern society where getting time together has become the main challenge because both children and parents are very busy (Offer, 2016). There is an acuity that families with both parents employed consist of limited time because family time is important for individuals' well-being and family functioning. Joint activities provide a sense of closeness that is important for children's growth through relationship enhancements and communication facilitation among family members. It is argued that matters concerning the wellbeing is not mostly facilitated by the amount spent by the family, but the activities engaged together work better. The study provides insights by establishing the association among adolescents' well-being and family time as a function of the type of activities family members engage in their time together.

Results

There were two different research tradition that was integrated into the study. Research on adolescent time usage and on family time. The study measured Family time events, c demographic and contextual variables, and family time and Adolescents' emotional wellbeing. First, on contextual and demographics variations the results attained show that adolescents spend more time with their families more on weekends than on weekdays. They are likely to participate in productive events, eat food together, and participate in leisure events with their parents at their home than in any other setting. This is clarified by the point that family productive time is measured with the inclusion of school activities participation and traveling from and to home and other events. Second, it was seen that girls had a higher likelihood to participate in maintenance events together with their mothers while boys have a like hood of spending leisure activities with their families. There were no gender variances that were reviewed on various family time activities.

Third, on family time activities, the study has found that teenagers spend 20 hours every week together with their fathers or mothers or both parents participating in various type of activities the was linked with different ways concerning their emotional well-being. The well-being was dependent on certain family activities in which teenagers engage with their parents. Family meals are important for adolescent well-being. Sharing meals with their mother was linked with a larger commitment like when eating with their father. Eating with their father was linked with high positive impacts and lesser negative impacts and stress. Teenagers recorded greater positive impacts and commitment, lower stress marks when they eat food different to when they eat well lacking both parents. The same relations were previewed when eating meals with their father only. Eating with mothers had limited association as it correlated with engagement. This shows that fathers' involvement with teen well-being was stronger than mothers' involvement and what matters for teenager’s well-being is the existence of fathers during mealtime. Additionally, engaging in leisure time with both parents enhanced a greater positive impact and engagement. Spending leisure time with their mothers enhanced stress reduction while leisure time with fathers enhanced the well-being of adolescents.

The Relevance of Finding

The study's results are important to large subsection of the United States residents and important in speaking policy apprehensions. It helps in acknowledging the improvement children's emotional welfare. Parents who are working should create occasions to be involved in their children's leisure activities especially their fathers and eat a meal with their children.

Results to Hypothesis and Previous Research

The study shows that adolescents spend about 20 hours per week with their families and engage in leisure and maintenance events with their parents. Their stress level is lowered when they spend their leisure time with their mothers and their well-being is improved when they share meals with their fathers.

Ethical Considerations.

The privacy and confidential information of the participants were enhanced. Confidentiality and anonymity of the interview were central to ethical research practice. Participants' names were unviewed.

Possible Explanation of Results.

The data provided adequate support on the association among adolescents' well-being and family time as a function of the type of activities family members engage in their time together as a possible explanation of the results.

Limitation and Implication.

The study helps in understanding the impacts of spending quality time with time and implementation for policies that enhance workers to control their schedule. However, the study has its limitations which are: first, the family time and emotional well-being measure was assessed by the use of adolescents' self-reports to the ESM, there could be inflation between correlation. Second, although EMS collected information on emotional well-being and activities of the whole week this time may be limited to test complex contributing relations.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

Conclusion

It is observed that the firstborn from a family of three spend an estimated 30-45 minutes every day to engage in quality-time activities with the father as compared with the second or third-born children. The difference in the quality time spent with the mother in the same category is estimated to be 30-35 minutes. There exist differences also in the birth-order as compared to the second and third-born. This difference in treatment mostly goes without being noticed either by parents since, at each given point time, the parents give equal time to each child, and most likely more time is granted to the youngest of all the children (Price, 2016). This paper focuses on the birth order and quality time for parents to their children, however, also on whether the second and third children are accorded the same amount of time at a given age the same as the first children were given at that age.

When the quality of time that is obtained by every child is averaged over the ages of 5-16 in a family of three children, the difference in the quantity of quality time that the parents spend with their children with at least one parent being present, the first and second-born are given more time as compared to the third born.

This difference in the parent-child quality time explains the differences in birth order a far as educational achievements. Of course, in many instances positive attainment likely favor the second or the third-born children (Milkie, Kendig, Nomaguchi, & Denny,2019.). One probable reason is that the parents likely become efficient at some duties and responsibilities and therefore less time is availed to provide care of the same quality and magnitude to the young ones. This mostly happens for the physically related activities which may include but not limited to diaper changes, or clothing of the children

However, the birth-order differences are largely found in some given and specific activities thought to bear some heavy impact on the children’s human growth activities such as reading, writing, dancing as well as playing for which the parents are less likely to any efficiency gains.

Another effect is related to how the young children benefit from the input they get from their elderly siblings and therefore the need for much time with their parents. However, the benefits the sibling obtains go in all directions and the older siblings experience more advantages as compared to the young ones by teaching them than the young siblings benefit from being taught several clues.

It is also likely that when older siblings teach their young siblings, this too learning could have some negative impacts. The second outcome from this paper is the analysis of how parents allocate resources be it a time or another to their children.

The parents usually invest their time in the children who seem more abled and later equalize this by giving more inheritance in terms of wealth to the children who appear less abled. The results from this paper indicate that the parents divide their time resources in a more equal manner among their children at each point in time.

However, there exist some inequities that arise due to the amount of time interaction of parent and the children which occur in a decreasing manner as the children rise in the age whereby the second born would receive less time at each given age as compared to the first-born did at that same age. This offers a unique scenario where the desire to offer treatment at the same measure ends up to create inequality.

The third take from this paper is that it acts as a source of motivation to also consider birth spacing in the study of birth order and consequently the child outcomes. Now that the resources available in a family usually increase as time goes, a larger birth spacing would create a wider difference in the resources especially financial that are available, therefore favoring the younger child. This study shows exactly the opposite results in terms of time resources (Bianchi,2015). This offers an opportunity for future works to exploit these forces that are opposing to analyze the relative contribution of resources namely time and money to the child outcomes.

Recommendations.

Parents especially those with varying levels of tertiary education and working in different jobs find varying amounts of time for their young children. There exists a link between the children's birth order and the specific time that both males and female parents allocate to their children.

This paper recommends that regardless of the activist's parents are engaged in, there is a great need for them to set aside some time for their children as it helps them to develop wholesomely. Also, the parents should provide guidance and support to their firstborn who teach the other siblings several aspects of life some that could be wrong especially no checks and guidance by the parent is offered

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