PATHOLOGY

Dianelys Ferrer

Cyndi Fonte

Jose Vallina

A hard callus is formed in which phase of bone healing?

Hemostasis

Inflammatory phase

Reparative

Remodeling phase

At what age is the knee meniscus the most vascular?

Birth

10 years old

20 years old

40 years old

Cancellous and cortical are the two types of tissues that make up bone.

True

False

Deficiencies of which vitamin are usually associated with connective tissue disorders?

Vitamin A

Vitamin B

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Free radical toxicity in which portion of the brain is most likely to lead to Parkinson’s disease?

Hippocampus

Temporal lobe

Thalamus

Substantia nigra

Herniation of the disk is less likely to occur in the morning.

True

False

Ischemia at the cellular level will lead to all of the following except:

loss of aerobic metabolism.

release of exotoxin.

cell swelling.

decreased delivery of nutrients.

Patients with a high fever will _________.

have increased oxygen consumption

have an increase in systemic vascular resistance

usually have hypertension

have a decrease in cardiac output

Protein poor fluid leaking from the vasculature into a joint cavity is called ________.

transudate

exudate

effusion

edema

Sepsis is most likely to result from which of the following disorders?

Any autoimmune disorder

Vitamin D deficiency

Cellulitis

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)

Serous exudate is described as ___________.

bright red or bloody

thin, clear, or yellow

yellow/pink

cloudy and viscous

The type of collagen more prevalent in a newborn is type II.

True

False

What is the first step in tissue healing?

Hemostasis

Inflammation

Proliferation

Remodeling

What is the most effective approach for treating calcification of tendons within the shoulder?

Ultrasound

Iontophoresis

Electrical stimulation

Surgery

What is the most important protein to provide structural support and tensile strength for almost all tissues and organs of the body?

Elastin

Collagen

Proteoglycan

Fibronectin

What type of cartilage is normally found on joint surfaces?

Hyaline cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Elastic

Fibroelastic

What type of collagen is absent in bone and tendon and is more prevalent in newborns?

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

What type of necrosis is most likely to affect the blood vessels?

Coagulative

Caseous

Fatty necrosis

Fibrinoid

Which of the following disorders is the result of an alteration in the chromosome?

Sickle cell anemia

Low-density lipoprotein

a-Antitrypsin deficiency

Down syndrome

Which of the following is a normal response to acute reversal injury within a cell?

Increased intracellular levels of sodium and potassium

Atrophy of the mitochondria

Aerobic glycolysis

Excessive production of lactic acid

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous antioxidant?

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

Melatonin

b-Carotene

Which of the following is not considered an oxygen radical?

Superoxide

Water

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydroxyl

Which portion of acute inflammation is caused by swelling of nerve endings?

Erythema

Heat

Edema

Pain

TOTAL /23