Quantitative data collection and analysis

1.0

or

(≈ 1.0)

Means that the odds of exposure among cases is the same the odds of exposure among controls

The exposure is

not associated

with the disease

> 1.0

Means that the odds of exposure among cases is greater than the odds of exposure among controls and positively associated with the outcome

The exposure may be

a risk factor

for the disease.

< 1.0

Means that the odds of exposure among cases is lower than the odds of exposure among controls and negatively associated with the outcome

The exposure may be

protective

against the disease.