Psychiatry.pptxPsychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner
Student Name
Institution Affiliation
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Introduction
The primary role of a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner is providing psychotherapy and educating patients and families.
One of the problems that has been experienced in psychiatry is stigma, discrimination and prejudice.
This issue has presented certain effects like delay in seeking help, burnout among health care providers and poor services.
One of the theories that is relevant to the specialty is the modelling and role modelling theory.
Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners usually play a key role in promoting health care. Their primary role is providing psychotherapy and educating patients and families. However, patients and health care providers are facing various issues particularly stigma, discrimination and prejudice which has negatively affected the provision of health care services. The modelling and role modelling theory is one of the theories that is relevant and can greatly help to deal with the problem and may be used as a framework to guide evidence-based practice.
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Modelling and Role Modelling Theory
It was developed by Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Anne and was published in 1983.
This theory helps health care providers to care for and nurture every patient based on their needs.
Commonalities in the theory include attachment and loss, basic needs, holism and cognitive stages.
Differences in the theory include self-care, stress, adaptation, model of the world and inherent endowment.
The modelling and role modelling theory was developed by Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Anne and was published in 1983. This is a crucial theory in nursing because it helps health care providers to care and nurture patients while upholding the awareness and respect of every patient’s uniqueness (Smith, 2019). Due to that, this theory is considered to support clinical practices that concentrate on the needs of patients. The theory looks at certain elements like attachment and loss, holism, basic needs and cognitive stages. It focuses on certain differences amongst people including stress, self-care, adaptation, model of the world and inherent endowment.
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Relevance of the Theory
Modelling involves health care providers seeking to know and understand patients’ personal model of their world.
Health care providers learn to appreciate the value of patients’ personal model of the world and its importance.
This theory acknowledges that all human beings have unique perspectives about their world.
Health care providers are able to develop an image and understanding of patients’ perspective and personal model of the world.
The modelling and role modelling theory is relevant to my nurse practitioner specialty since it entails crucial aspects that promote the well-being of patients. During the modelling process, nurses are able to find out and comprehend the personal model of patients and learn how to appreciate its value and importance. This theory also acknowledges that all human beings have unique perspectives of their world making it easy for health care providers to facilitate and nurture patients in achieving, maintaining and promoting health. With the theory, it is easy for health care professionals to create a clear image and understanding patients’ perspectives hence giving room for planning of unique interventions.
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Issue: Stigma, Discrimination and Prejudice
There have been increased cases of stigma, discrimination and prejudice against mental illness.
It has been experienced by persons with mental disorders.
It has also been experienced by psychiatrists.
One of the major issues related to my nurse practitioner specialty is stigma, discrimination and prejudice. Over time, there have been increased cases of stigma, discrimination and prejudice against mental illnesses and persons with mental health disorders (Masuch et al., 2019). This major problem has been experienced by bot patients and psychiatrists. Based on research, stigma and discrimination against psychiatrists has significantly increased leading to a sense of alienation from the entire medical profession. In most communities in which people are expected to take care of themselves and their nuclear family, it results in pressures for patients to get better which stigmatizes them and worsens their sickness.
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Impact on Health Care
Delays in seeking medical help.
Failure to comply with therapies.
Higher rates of burnout among health care providers
Provision of poor services and poor research funding.
Stigma, discrimination and prejudice can adversely affect health care outcomes in different ways. One of the negative effects is delays in seeking medical help by patients. When patients feel stigmatized or discriminated they will be hesitant in seeking medical help since they might feel that their needs will not be met (Oexle et al., 2018). It might also be heard for patients to comply with therapies since the motivation of attending counselling sessions will drastically decrease due to stigma or discrimination from other people. One of the key elements in therapy sessions is building a culture of trust but whenever patients do not trust their health care providers, it becomes hard for them to attend and comply with therapies. Cases of stigma and discrimination can also lead to higher rates of burnout among health care providers which in turn results in the provision of poor services and poor research finding.
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Ways of Dealing with Stigma, Discrimination and Prejudice
The issue of stigma, discrimination and prejudice in psychiatry can be dealt through various strategies including;
Developing anti-stigma interventions.
Effective leadership.
Prevention and health promotion.
Quality improvement.
There are various ways through which stigma, discrimination and prejudice in psychiatry can be dealt with. In order to prevent or eliminate stigma and discrimination, health care providers need to be effective leaders in service delivery, service planning and evaluation of the services (Kinson et al., 2018). The leadership of health care providers must be based on social and cultural contexts and ensure they inspire, motivate and empower other people. Despite of having limited resources, it is important for health care providers to concentrate on the quality of services by determining causes of problems and challenges in providing high quality services.
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Use of the Theory as a Framework to Guide Evidence-based Practice
The modelling and role modelling theory can be used as a framework to guide evidence-based practice in various ways .
The theory holds that the ability of people to mobilize resources is directly associated with their need deficits and assets.
According to the theory, the capability of an individual to contend with new stressors is linked to their capability to mobilize required resources.
Distressors are considered unmet basic needs and basic need deficits co-exist with the grief process
The modelling and role modelling theory may be used as a model to guide evidence-based practice in dealing with stigma, discrimination and prejudice in various ways. According to this theory, the ability of persons to mobilize resources is directly associated with their need deficits and assets while the capability of people to contend with new stressors is linked to their ability to mobilize the required resources. The theory also holds that morbid grief is typically connected to need deficits, unmet basic and growth needs interfere with growth processes of patients and distressors are considered unmet basic needs besides adding that basic need deficits co-exist with the grief process.
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Conclusion
Stigma, discrimination and prejudice has become a major issue in psychiatry.
Health care providers need to develop effective measures to deal with this issue.
The modelling and role modelling theory can help in dealing with stigma, discrimination and prejudice in psychiatry based on its key elements.
Generally, stigma, discrimination and prejudice in psychiatry has become a major issue in psychiatry which has affected both patients and health care providers in different ways. This issue has resulted in several issues such as delays in seeking medical help, failure to comply with therapies and provision of poor health services. Some of the necessary measures which can be taken to deal with issue include upholding effective leadership, quality improvement, development of anti-stigma interventions and quality improvement.
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References
Kinson, R. M., Hon, C., Lee, H., Abdin, E. B., & Verma, S. (2018). Stigma and discrimination in individuals with first episode psychosis; one year after first contact with psychiatric services. Psychiatry research, 270, 298-305.
Oexle, N., Waldmann, T., Staiger, T., Xu, Z., & Rüsch, N. (2018). Mental illness stigma and suicidality: the role of public and individual stigma. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 27(2), 169-175.
Masuch, T. V., Bea, M., Alm, B., Deibler, P., & Sobanski, E. (2019). Internalized stigma, anticipated discrimination and perceived public stigma in adults with ADHD. ADHD attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, 11(2), 211-220.
Smith, M. C. (2019). Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davis.
