How would I do this Literature Review Paper?
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PSYC325_Wilson_PaperPreparationAssignment2.docxRESEARCH PAPER 1
Paper Preparation Assignment
Jessica Wilson
American Military University
August 21, 2017
Narcolepsy, the Causes and Effects on the Body
Topic
The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of narcolepsy and the how it effects the body. By researching deeper into the subject of narcolepsy and its effects on the body, this paper will show that understanding narcolepsy will benefit biopsychology when it comes to studying the cause and effects on the body, which will in turn aid in a more effective diagnosis and treatment of individual patients. Using the applied research method during the course of writing this paper will allow for the evaluation of multiple studies related to the subject of psychoanalysis and neuroscience in order to prove the necessity of having the two sciences work together in the study of the human mind, as well as for the diagnosis of individual patients. The interest in preparing this paper comes from the interest in the need for psychoanalysis to be intertwined with the understanding and advancements in neuroscience in order to continue to advance the knowledge gained about the human mind.
The purpose of these studies is to show that a combined effort between psychoanalysis, neuroscience and biological factors will lead to an increased knowledge of the human minds inner workings and how to find effective treatment. One of the studies that will be presented in this paper states that psychoanalysis is at a standstill with advancement and by incorporating neuroscience, advancement may be achieved by allowing the possibility of testing psychoanalytic theory through the use of neuroimaging and other neuroscientific means (Pinel, 2014). Another study that will be incorporated into this paper focuses on neuroplasticity and the effects of the environment on the human mind (Mahlios, Herrán-Arita, & Mignot, 2013). This study shows that psychotherapy requires cognitive neuroscience for memory research, more specifically when learning about implicit and explicit memory. All of the studies that will be presented in this research paper in some way support the intertwining of psychoanalytic psychology and neuroscience as a benefit towards the advancement of knowledge of the mind that will allow for an improved form of treatment for patients (María-Teresa Arango MSc, 2014). Another article will emphasize how childhood illnesses are linked with later onset of narcolepsy. This is instrumental in explore the genetic and environmental links to this disease and how proper vaccination treatments can be pre-emptive in alleviating contraction of this disease in the future. This article explores the autoimmune factor of this disease and how to proceed appropriately(Thorpy & Dauvilliers, 2015). Another article being used in this paper is relevant because it explores the health vulnerabilities from narcolepsy caused by health issues, such as heart disease and upper respiratory infections. The body is vulnerable to other diseases when narcolepsy exists in the body (Ohayon, 2013). While disease vulnerability is explored by Ohayon (2013), another article being explored encompasses how narcolepsy has been linked to the combination of genes and environment. These considerations are being explored in how to treat the individual(Peall & Robertson, 2014).
Thesis
The purpose of this paper is to show that by combining psychoanalysis with the understanding of neuroscience and biology there will be a benefit towards gaining more knowledge about the human mind as well as an advance towards patient diagnosis and treatment. By reviewing multiple studies, this paper will be able to show that neuroscience is able to aid psychoanalysis by using neuroimaging as well as a knowledge base about the nervous system, which will allow for better understanding about the inner workings of the human mind. The interest in preparing this paper comes from the interest
in the need for biological, genetic and environment factors to be considered with the understanding and advancements in neuroscience and pharmocology, in order to continue to advance the knowledge gained about the human mind and narcolepsy.
Annotated Bibliography
References Mahlios, J., Herrán-Arita, A. K., & Mignot, E. (2013, October). The autoimmune basis of narcolepsy. Current Opinion on Neurobiology, 23(5), 767-773. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.013 This article outlines the autoimmune components of narcolepsy. The loss of hypocretin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus is seen as the cause of narcolepsy symptoms. The article explores how immune system issues may be linked with the initiation of narcolepsy, as well as other environmental and genetic factors. María-Teresa Arango MSc, S. K. (2014, October). Narcolepsy: Genes, Infections and Vaccines – Clues for a New Autoimmune Disease. Israel Medical Association Journal, 16, 636-637. The research findings in this article show a childhood instance of infections such as streptococcus or influenza happening before the onset of narcolepsy has be linked to this disease. This highlights how genes, infections and the need for vaccines should be considered when dealing with treatment of narcolepsy. This article shows how narcolepsy may become a new autoimmune disease if not dealt with appropriately. Ohayon, M. M. (2013). Narcolepsy is complicated by high medical and psychiatric comorbidities: A comparison with the general population. Sleep Medicine, 14, 488-492. This article is relevant to my research because it shows how narcolepsy has been linked with other biological factors, such as psychiatric and medical disorders. They seem to be in high incidence with one another with individuals who have narcolepsy. Why this happens is explored in this article and how to interpret this data in comparison to the general population. Peall, K. J., & Robertson, N. P. (2014, August). Narcolepsy: environment, genes and treatment. Journal of Neurology; Heidelberg, 261(8), 1644-6. This article, from Peall and Roberston, discusses neuroscience and biology as a combined science for the future. They discuss the background of narcolepsy to include how the environment and genes contribute to this disorder. Then treatment is considered in relation to these two factors. Also discussed in this article are current arguments for and against the combination of biology with psychoanalysis. The conclusion of this article is that a dialogue between the two sciences is a necessity in the total understanding of the mind. This is relevant to my study by supporting my theory that neuroscience is needed for proper diagnosis during psychoanalysis. Pinel, J. P. (2014). Biopsychology (9th ed.). New Jersey: University of British Columbia.pp.361-491. The text book chapter, Sleep Disorders is significant to my study because it outlines the historical background needed to further understand the importance of neuroscience and neuroplasticity in the practice of psychology. Thorpy, M., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2015, January). Clinical and practical considerations in the pharmacologic management of narcolepsy. Sleep Medicine, 16(1), 9-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.10.002 This article is relevant to my study because it presents neurobiology and pharmacology as a necessary integrative approach to treating patients. Thorpy and Dauvilliers writes about the interaction of the brain and the environment which ultimately leads to the conclusion that psychotherapy can be seen to affect brain functioning with the use of neuroscience and pharmacology.
