general psychology
pucho99
PSYC122_M6_PPT.pptxModule 6
Abnormal Behavior
PSYC 122
General Psychology II
Objectives
At the end of the module, the student will be able to:
Define the concept of psychological disorder.
Identifies the criteria to delimit psychological disorders.
Argue about the myths related to psychological disorders.
Discuss the psychological perspectives of psychological disorders.
Determine the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and examples of subcategories of psychological disorders.
Evaluate different types of psychological disorders, their symptoms, and their recommended therapy.
Apply the psychological perspectives related to psychological disorders.
Configuration of behaviors, thoughts, or emotions considered pathological for one or more of the following: dysfunction, distress and/or danger.
Abnormal behavior
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
Criteria for Identifying Abnormal Behavior
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
Deviance: Behaviors, thoughts, or emotions may be regarded as abnormal when they diverge from a society or culture's accepted norms or values.
Dysfunction: When a person's inability to function appropriately hinders their daily activities.
Distress Behaviors: Thoughts or emotions that lead to substantial personal distress may be categorized as abnormal.
Danger: If an individual's thoughts, emotions, or behaviors pose a risk to themselves or others.
1. Myth: Mentally ill people are often dangerous and unpredictable
Fact: The stereotype that mentally ill people are often dangerous and unpredictable persists due to prejudice; however, only a few disorders, like certain psychotic and antisocial personality disorders, are associated with violence.
Common Myths About Mental Illness
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
2. Myth: Psychological disorders are a sign of personal weakness.
Fact: Psychological disorders are erroneously believed to be a sign of personal weakness. In fact, they are influenced by various factors such as exposure to stress, genetic predispositions, personal and sociocultural experiences, and family background, just like any other illness.
Common Myths About Mental Illness
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
3. Myth: A mentally ill person is only suited for low-level jobs and never fully recovers
Fact: It is a misconception that a mentally ill person is only suited for low-level jobs and can never fully recover. The truth is that psychological disorders are complex, and their symptoms, severity, and prognoses differ for each individual. With proper therapy and support, most of those diagnosed with mental illnesses eventually improve and lead normal, productive lives.
Common Myths About Mental Illness
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
Psychologists hold diverse viewpoints regarding the underlying causes of psychological disorders.
While some emphasize "mental illness," others stress the significance of social and cultural influences, as well as our individual thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, in contributing to the development of psychological disorders.
Psychological Perspectives
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
Psychological Perspectives
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
Sociocultural
issues at hand reflect cultural values and beliefs.
Behavioral
Improper conditioning or modeling that does not align with suitable standards or norms.
Evolutionary
An escalated form of an adaptive response.
Humanistic
Obstructed or impeded personal growth.
Psychodynamic
Unconscious conflicts that have not been resolved.
Cognitive
Faulty thinking.
Biological
Issues related to brain function, genetic predisposition, and biochemistry. [academic paraphrase] problems with brain function, genetic predisposition, biochemistry.
A manual established by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the principal purpose of categorizing psychological disorders.
With each revision of the DSM, the list of disorders has been expanded, and the descriptions and groupings have been revised to incorporate the most current findings from scientific research.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
(Sanderson and Huffman, 2020)
(APA, 2022)
DSM 5-TR Classification of Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Feeding and Eating Disorders
Elimination Disorders
Sleep-Wake Disorders
Sexual Dysfunctions
Gender Dysphoria
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Neurocognitive Disorders
Personality Disorders
Paraphilic Disorders
Other Mental Disorders and Additional Codes
Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of medication
Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention
According to APA (2022), Neurodevelopmental Disorders represent a cluster of conditions that emerge during the developmental period.
These disorders usually become apparent early in a child's life, often before they begin formal schooling, and are distinguished by developmental deficits or variations in brain processes that result in impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
(APA, 2022)
Intellectual Developmental Disorders
Communication Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Specific Learning Disorder
Motor Disorders
Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders encompass schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal (personality) disorder.
These conditions are characterized by abnormalities in one or more of the following five areas: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia), and negative symptoms.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
(APA, 2022)
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Sanderson, C. A., & Huffman, K. (2020). Real world psychology (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN-13: 978-1119577751 https://bulk-store.vitalsource.com/products/real-world-psychology-catherine-a-sanderson-karen-v9781119577737
References
Review as many times as required the information contained in the module folder (includes this presentation).
Read the reference material to clarify any questions.
Carry out all the activities according to the instructions.
Submit assignments on the indicated date through the educational platform.
Congratulations you have reviewed the theoretical summary of this week's topic!
Actively participate in collaborative sessions.
Remember that to successfully build your learning it is important that:
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