Psychology : Psychometric Report

PSY4046 & PSY3018 Week 19

Profiling EQ and Personality Dr Jackie Meredith

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APPLIED FOCUS

Both Finalists and Masters will be completing this – Finalists in Term 2 of PSY3009… ☺

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Applied Focus: Planning for your future

• Self Awareness in this profile means understanding your own Personality and EIQ. Your task in the applied focus is to consider your strengths and challenges alongside the

career you have been considering. You will use papers to work out what characteristics in terms of personality will help you fit into this career. You will consider how EIQ can

help with this. 3

CLIENT PSYCHOMETRIC PROFILE

APPLIED FOCUS – most highly weighted section • This is the client’s aptitude for the career they are considering

• This you will know as you are also the client!

1. PERSONALITY • Use the papers provided to help you discuss your client’s profile and

how it applies to the type of work your client proposes to do

• Are there any challenges for your client?

2. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE • Relate the client’s strengths and targets for development (as indicated

by their scores) to their personality and workplace ambitions.

• The next part of this workshop will look at how EQ can moderate personality in enabling the client to deal with aspects of personality that may be problematic. This will help you to think about aspects of your own personality.

4You can make this two sections, but I would recommend one integrated section. Cover each factor and domain and present a fully supported argument – especially for personality.

APPLIED FOCUS – Job Aptitude of Client

• Please use the papers suggested to help you write the section on the job aptitude of your client, based on their personality profile.

• Any statement about compatibility of personality characteristics to a particular career must be SUPPORTED by literature.

• This section should focus on: • Compatibility of the client

• Personality issues: • Strengths

• Challenges

• How emotional competencies may strengthen the client’s suitability

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• Remember this section is designed to AID the client. 5

Papers – Available online through Middlesex (if on campus) or from links provided

• Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: what do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9 (1‐2), 9-30. • On campus via Google Scholar

• Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 765 – 780. • On Campus via Google Scholar

• Mount, M.K. & Barrick, M. R. (1998). Five-Factor Model of Personality and Performance in Jobs Involving Interpersonal Interactions • http://people.tamu.edu/~mbarrick/Pubs/1998_Mount_Barrick_Stew

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PSY4046 More Papers…

• To do really well in this section, look for some other papers on Personality and Career Choice.

• Aim to cite 5 papers or more in this section.

• You will need to relate your personality (the personality of the client) to what these papers suggest regarding the optimum personality characteristics for the type of job you are aiming for

• The papers may not mention your SPECIFIC job, so you will need to think about the transferrable qualities the job requires

• Then consider how your EQ skills could facilitate the required qualities, moderate personality and contribute to job suitability and success.

Finalists… next term in PSY3009

• You will also be required to relate your personality to career choice

• You will be given two of these papers to look at.

• To do really well in this section, aim to cite 3 papers or more.

• You will need to relate your personality (the personality of the client) to what these papers suggest regarding the optimum personality characteristics for the type of job you are aiming for

• The papers may not mention your SPECIFIC job, so you will need to think about the transferrable qualities the job requires

• You will not be looking at EQ.

Engaging with Personality • You will need to relate your personality (the personality of the client) to

what these literature suggest regarding the optimum personality characteristics for the type of job you are aiming for. As these papers may not mention your SPECIFIC job, so you will need to think about the transferrable qualities the job requires and the requirements of specific careers, so you will have to think about the requirements of the job.

• It might be helpful to look on the BPS website for careers in psychology, or recruitment sites, to see what a person will need to do in a job.

• For counselling, for example, there are overlaps with careers in social work - confidentially, conscientiousness, dealing with people and difficult emotional situations. So you can relate what papers say about public sector work - dealing with people and difficult emotional situations, and working in the NHS - patient care, confidentiality, etc. in terms of personality attributes that are the ‘best fit’

• This is the highest weighted section of your work as it requires you to think laterally and a little bit creatively as well.

Example: Clinical Psychology • What is a clinical psychologist? A clinical psychologist will be required to deal with

health professionals and clients on a regular basis. Literature suggests that a certain amount of extraversion is beneficial in handling these demands (client interaction).

• Conscientiousness has also been linked in literature with job performance generally and especially in the sciences.

• What other features might be required for a clinical psychologist? • FOR EXAMPLE:

• Rigid scientific judgement - should a clinical psychologist be trusting or sceptical? • Should they be creative? In what way? • Should they be rule keepers? • Should they see fine detail or the bigger picture or both in different ways? • Is clinical psychology about team working or making unilateral decisions? • Do they need to get on with people? In what context and why? • Do they need to believe in themselves (confidence, risk taking, etc?)

• Now relate this aspects to personality and to literature

The more you can think about the qualities required of a clinical psychologist the more meaningful your observations of your clients scores and

personality match will be.

Engaging with Emotional Competencies

• Use the ideas you will gain from the profiling session to

address the interaction between your client’s personality

and EIQ.

• This should be an encouragement for the client, as EIQ

can be developed.

• If there is a factor of personality which could be a challenge

to the client, how might it be mediated by EIQ?

• Remember your task is to point out challenges to your

client, but then to demonstrate that these can be overcome.

For example, EIQ can help someone with high Emotionality to be more resilient, positive and deal

with emotional challenges.

PROFILING SESSION – BLENDING PERSONALITY WITH EQ

Engaging with competencies

Skill domain EI Domain WECQ Key Competencies

Intrapersonal

Self-Insight

1. In touch with own emotions, able to identify them and articulate

them.

2. A good understanding of the emotional reasons behind your

actions.

3. Ability to rationalise emotions and employ coping mechanisms.

Resilience 1. Emotional motivation and discipline needed to achieve targets.

2. Self-strength and emotional resilience - not needing constant

support from others.

Interpersonal

Communication 1. Comfortable in expressing one's own emotions and handling

those of others.

2. Ability to respond appropriately to emotional situations.

Judgment

1. Good insight into the needs and feelings of others.

2. Ability to sense the underlying motives and desires of others.

Mixed Foundations

1. Emotional objectivity, ability to separate your own shortcomings

from those of others.

2. Emotional self-belief, ability to trust one's own decisions arising

from security in personal identity. 13

Self-Insight

• Self-Insight is not about expressing emotions or other people’s emotion, it’s about understanding one’s own.

• A high score on Self-Insight indicates you are in touch with your own emotions and can accurately identify and articulate them – to yourself and consequently to others as well.

• You have a good understanding of the emotional reasons behind your own actions, which enables you to interact well with others.

• You can rationalise your feelings and so are better able to employ coping mechanisms when upset, angry or sad.

• If you have scored low in Self-Insight the opposite will tend to be true. A lack of understanding about your own emotions will make it difficult to cope internally with strong feelings and you may well suffer from low self-esteem.

• In addition, you may find it difficult to control your responses in emotionally- charged situations becoming either too detached or easily devastated.

• This may mean that you find it hard to bounce back when you experience setbacks in your life.

• Someone with low Self-Insight may find it difficult to operate in a working environment where there is a lot of conflict or pressure as they find their own responses hard to handle.

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TASK - Self-insight and personality

• Self-insight enables an individual to understand their own emotional responses, rationalise with them and develop coping mechanisms.

• How might HIGH SELF-INSIGHT moderate a profile of:

• HIGH/HIGH AV Neuroticism?

• HIGH/HIGH AV Agreeableness?

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Communication • Communication is about how appropriately you express emotion – where, when

and to what degree in order to obtain an efficacious outcome. • A high score on Communication indicates you are probably comfortable, not only

expressing your own emotions but handling strong emotions in others as well. • Where high Communication is combined with high self-insight you will be

confident and in touch with your own emotions and not be afraid to ask for help or support when you need it.

• If you have high Communication you are more likely to respond appropriately to emotional situations – neither too little emotion nor too much!

• Someone with high Communication may be well suited to a job that involved handling people who appear irrational or upset as they would be able to communicate their own feelings appropriately and effectively.

• A low score in Communication probably means that you do not feel very happy about expressing your stronger, especially negative, feelings and may even avoid expressing positive feelings.

• You may find highly expressive people difficult to be around and at times your lack of expression may make you seem indifferent and possibly cold, even though you may be very sensitive.

• Stifling emotions can lead to pent-up anger, sadness and ultimately to ill-health.

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Communication and personality

• Communication is not extraversion, but it can moderate impulsivity or enable social confidence.

• How do you think high Communication might help someone with:

• HIGH EXTRAVERSION

• LOW EXTRAVERSION 17

Judgment • People with a high score for Judgment have a good insight into the needs and

feelings of others and are good judges of other people. • They are the kind of person that friends go to if they have a problem because

they are good listeners and know how to make the right response to emotional cues.

• They would probably do well in jobs working with others where the ability to sense the underlying needs of others was required, especially emotional needs.

• They are also good at sensing the underlying motives of others and make good diplomats or negotiators. • This does not have to mean they are ‘nice’ or benevolent, people.

• People with a low Judgment profile typically have difficulty recognizing the emotions of others and responding effectively.

• They tend to misread others and may react inappropriately as a consequence. • This does not mean they don’t care!

• They may also find it difficult to see a situation from another person's perspective, which can make them appear narrow-minded.

• Since they find it difficult to understand others, they may have trouble anticipating other peoples’ responses and be forced to react on the spot.

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Judgment and personality

• Judgment is not the same as Agreeableness.

• TWO PROFILES:

• High/High Av Judgment + high agreeableness =

• High/High Av Judgment + low agreeableness =

• Which of these profiles would be appropriate for caring professions?

• Which would be useful for a diplomat or negotiator?

• Why?

• What about low Judgment and low agreeableness?

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Resilience • Resilience is all about emotional independence and resilience. • If you scored highly on the Resilience scale you are likely to be highly emotionally

self-motivated but also self-disciplined enough to reach your goals.

• You understand the contribution emotion has to play in handling targets and others and are able to use emotion in an adaptive way, as a tool to help achieve aim

• Those with high Resilience are more emotionally autonomous - they need little support from others to believe in themselves – so require less support or praise.

• On the other hand, those with low Resilience can get overwhelmed when faced with obstacles and easily disillusioned from reaching their goals unless well supported by those around them.

• They may need praise or encouragement from others and may lack the internal motivation to succeed in a difficult or challenging environment at work, for example.

• They may also find it difficult to show patience when things do not happen straight away and to put aside immediate desires for a long-term goals.

• Having an AVERAGE amount of Resilience is probably enough to succeed in most things you want to do but in the long-term you may not achieve your full potential.

• It might be unwise to choose a career that expected high amounts of self- motivation emotional stamina and tough deadlines unless you have strong Resilience.

Resilience and Personality

• Resilience is not the same as conscientiousness, but it can enable a person to be more emotionally resilient and to display more goal-directed behaviour.

• How might good Resilience (average, high/av or high) enable someone with a profile of :

• LOW CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

• HIGH NEUROTICISM

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Foundations • Foundations is all about building effective relationships – constructive

relationships based on solid understanding of oneself and one’s role in building your own future.

• Strong foundations includes two important abilities: 1. Emotional Objectivity: being able to separate your own shortcomings from

those of others. This allows a person to cope better with failures and problems in relationships.

2. Emotional Self-Belief: being able to trust yourself in decision-making. This comes from a secure base of knowing who you are (as a person and in terms of emotional insight) and what you want out of life.

• A low score in Foundations suggests you may have a lack of belief in yourself or lack an understanding of how to handle your emotions in many areas of life and consequently often find yourself in difficulties in person-to-person dealings – especially where emotions are involved.

• You may not have the natural resources to develop your own emotional strength.

• You may have difficulty trusting yourself to make the right decisions in life.

• You are more susceptible than most to experience stress and worry, which in turn could have negative consequences for your health.

Foundations and Personality

• High Foundations can provide a stable base and this can moderate personality characteristics.

• How might HIGH/HIGH AV Foundations help a person with:

• LOW OPENNESS to be more comfortable with variety in their life?

• HIGH NEUROTICISM to be less affected by emotional stressors?

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PERSONALITY PROFILING

• In groups, look at the career ambition of these people • Tony’s ambition = Nursing.

• Tony is caring, creative and sensitive, Tony is highly empathic and has always known he wants to help others. He’s also outgoing and sociable and loves company and he thinks he’ll thrive in a busy hospital setting. He hopes to progress to a senior role in time. Tony can be a bit of a worrier, however, and he doesn’t always like being pressured to stick to rules and regulations – he prefers to find his own path.

• Helen’s ambition = Barrister. • Helen is strong minded and has always been determined to find her own

path. However she’s also a sensitive person and doesn’t always find it easy to challenge others. She’s happy to follow the lead of others, but only where she agrees with them – she will follow the rules but she can also be highly sceptical. Helen doesn’t rely heavily on others, she’s more a loner, and she’s happy with her own company.

• What personality scores are indicated in each profile? How might these be a STRENGTH or a CHALLENGE in their desired profession?

• How might developing domains of EQ help Tony or Sarah to succeed in their profession by enhancing strengths and mitigating challenges? 24

PERSONALITY AND EQ PROFILING

• Consider what Personality profiles might be optimal for these careers:

• Salesman

• Social Worker

• Traffic warden

• Clinician

• What might be the key requirements in terms of personality?

• Now think about to what extent EQ skills are required for these professions

• Where and how would domains EQ be an advantage – what specific competencies?

• Are there any professions here where developing would EQ not present a particular advantage? Why?

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RETURNING TO YOUR ASSESSMENT

Think about your personality aspects

• Use the ideas you have gained from the profiling session to address the interaction between your client’s personality and EQ.

• This should be an encouragement for the client, as EQ can be developed.

• You probably will not find papers that will engage with the required personality characteristics of specific careers, so you will have to think about the requirements of the job.

• YOU MUST LOOK ON THE BPS website for careers in psychology

• You can also look at recruitment sites for required characteristics of different careers.

• THIS IS THE HIGHEST WEIGHTED SECTION IN MARKING.

EQ and Personality in Careers

• Your client wants to be a Clinical Psychologist. She is highly

Agreeable, low average in Openness and high average Extraversion.

• She also has strong Foundations, high Expressivity but low

Sensitivity.

• What challenges might low Sensitivity and high Agreeableness

present in working with clients?

• Is there any other area that might present a challenge in terms of her

personality?

• How might strong Foundations help her with this goal?

• You will need to look at how papers link personality to careers in

science, medicine, research and working with clients. 28

EQ and Personality in Careers

• Your client wants a job in Counselling, but his personality profile

demonstrates high average emotionality, introversion and low

openness.

• What problems might this profile suggest for his career choice?

• Think of some of the emotional aspects and demands that relate to counselling psychology

• How might emotional competence mediate these challenges and help

your client to develop the skills and strategies needed for this career?

• You will need to look at how these personal qualities link to success

in Counselling careers, or working with people.

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FINALLY = PERSONAL COMMENT

• At least 200 words

• The personal comment can be written in the first

person – it will be personal to you.

• It is your evaluation of psychometrics – the process

and reliability and validity • You have used this process now as a psychologist – and can

view it from the point of view of researcher and client.

• What do you think about psychometrics as a form of

measurement in Applied Psychology?

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NEXT WEEK

• Developing EQ in a workplace

• Indicators of strong EQ

• Recap on profiling EQ