PSY3735_MidtermExam-STUDENT-1.docx
PSY3735 Midterm Exam
Psy 3735 Perspectives of Death and Dying
Midterm Exam
Fall 2021
Name:
Objective: Short Answer: Extra Credit: Total:
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MULTIPLE CHOICE: Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.3 points each
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1. According to your textbook, which of the following is a fear of death, according to Leming?
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a.
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Unaccomplished goals
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b.
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Cause of death
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c.
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Financial obligations
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d.
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The finality of death
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2. Published in 1963, this book was most critical of the funeral industry.
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a.
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Jessica Mitford’s The American Way of Death
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b.
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Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s On Death and Dying
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c.
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Herman Feifel’s The Meaning of Death
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d.
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Ernest Becker’s The Denial of Death
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3. A worldwide phenomenon to address the issue of limited death conversations is ______________________.
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a.
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cryonics
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b.
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death seminars
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c.
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death cafes
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d.
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death retreats
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4. What is the key factor that unites biological entities?
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a.
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Social role
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b.
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Relationships
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c.
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The situation
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d.
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Shared meaning
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5. Child life specialty programs in the United States average _______ hours on end-of-life issues?
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6. The individual credited with starting the modern hospice movement was
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a.
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Elizabeth Kubler-Ross.
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b.
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Howard Becker.
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c.
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Jessica Mitford.
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d.
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Cicely Saunders.
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7. Jean Piaget’s third cognitive stage of development is called
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a.
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sensorimotor.
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b.
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concrete operational.
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c.
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preoperational stage.
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d.
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formal operations.
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8. “Middle-age” is between _____ and _____ years.
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a.
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30, 60
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b.
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45, 64
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c.
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35, 55
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d.
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40, 50
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9. The first stage of Kubler-Ross’s stages of the dying process is
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a.
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bargaining.
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b.
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depression.
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c.
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shock and disbelief.
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d.
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acceptance.
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10. Which is not evidence that the United States is a death-denying society?
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a.
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Euphemisms are used for death
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b.
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A taboo on death conversation
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c.
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Cryonics
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d.
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Having life insurance
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11. Which of the following statements is false concerning death-related behavior of the Puritans?
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a.
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Puritans felt that an awareness of death could improve the quality of life.
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b.
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Puritans encouraged each other to fear death.
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c.
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It was customary for Puritans to embalm the body before the burial.
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d.
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The Puritans felt that death was a living part of the American experience.
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12. Active, voluntary euthanasia is legal in
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a.
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the United States.
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b.
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the United Kingdom.
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c.
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the Netherlands.
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d.
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Denmark.
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13. The President’s Commission for the study of Biomedical and Behavioral Research to study ethical and legal implications regarding death definitions was established by President
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a.
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Carter.
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b.
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Clinton.
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c.
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Bush.
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d.
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Reagan.
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14. The U.S. euthanasia society is presently called
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a.
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USES.
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b.
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EXIT.
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c.
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the Hemlock Society.
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d.
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Compassion and Choices.
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15. Emphasizing the organization of the funeral industry and its relationship with other social structures in a society would be important in which of these conceptual frameworks?
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a.
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Social conflict
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b.
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Structural‑functional
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c.
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Social exchange
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d.
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Symbolic interaction
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16. Which of the following statements is false concerning death-related behavior of Americans during the Victorian period of history?
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a.
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Grievers were encouraged to express their emotions in response to the death of a loved one.
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b.
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A more elaborate funeral ritual involving “therapeutic self-indulgence” was encouraged.
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c.
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Mourning clothes were worn as one method for extending the period of lamentation.
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d.
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Grievers were not encouraged to express their emotions in response to the death of a loved one.
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17. The middle class in the late 19th century achieved “death with order” by
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a.
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making sure the death of loved ones occurred in full view of the family.
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b.
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preparing funeral arrangements far in advance.
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c.
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creating separate sphere ideology: men’s work away from the home, women’s work from men’s, specialists (medical, clerical, etc.).
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d.
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None of the above.
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18. A dead human body used in medical schools for the purpose of dissection to learn the body parts and systems is properly called
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a.
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a stiff.
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b.
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a corpse.
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c.
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a cadaver.
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d.
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an autopsy.
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19. A popular 1990s book about a professor dying of ALS and written by his former student is titled
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a.
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Fridays with Fred.
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b.
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Tuesdays with Morrie.
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c.
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Saturdays with Sarah.
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d.
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Dying of ALS.
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20. A document that states one does not want medical intervention to be kept alive if the quality of life is not good or hope for recovery is dismal is called
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a.
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a holographic will.
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b.
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a legal will.
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c.
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a living will.
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d.
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a deadly will.
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21. The ISAS interpretation of death‑related behavior emphasizes that
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a.
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use of any given meaning for some item of behavior always has the same consequences.
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b.
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any given behavior pattern always stems from the same biological condition.
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c.
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all individuals experience death in the same way.
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d.
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the meaning of death may change even though the biological aspects do not change.
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22. This medical treatment involves the use of natural drugs to treat patients.
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a.
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Chiropractic medicine
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b.
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Acupuncture
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c.
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Homeopathic medicine
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d.
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Palliative medicine
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23. Which of the following statements is true regarding attitudes toward organ transplantation across cultures?
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a.
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In Japan, human organ transplantation is accepted.
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b.
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In Israel, animal organ transplantation is acceptable.
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c.
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In Denmark, animal organ transplantation is resisted.
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d.
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In the United States, there is great resistance to human organ transplantation.
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24. Regarding death and dying, cultural anthropologists study
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a.
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rituals through which individuals deal with death and emotional responses in different cultures.
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b.
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the biological aspects of dying.
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c.
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human remains and try to reconstruct the behavior.
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d.
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apply their knowledge of biology, science, and culture to the legal process.
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25. Active voluntary euthanasia includes
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a.
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PAD.
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b.
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MRI.
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c.
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AVE.
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d.
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PAD and AVE.
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26. The Harvard definition of death refers to
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a.
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no heartbeat.
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b.
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no longer breathing.
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c.
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brain stops functioning.
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d.
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no coma.
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27. Sigmund Freud traced conceptions of death to
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a.
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our need to strive and overcome our early sensitivity to death.
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b.
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our earliest feelings concerning sexuality and fears of being punished for them.
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c.
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our socialization during adolescence.
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d.
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our elementary school days when first leaving the security of the home and entering a new and different world of peers.
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28. The use of cadavers in medicals has seen a/an ________.
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a.
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increase
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b.
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decrease
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c.
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preference for computer-simulated practice
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d.
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no change
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29. _____________________ are the means by which socially created meaning is shared in the process of human interaction.
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a.
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Societies
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b.
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Dyads
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c.
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Symbols
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d.
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Cultural expectations
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30. The social scientist who argued that fear and denial of death are basic dynamics for everyone was
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a.
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Sigmund Freud.
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b.
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Alfred Adler.
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c.
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Ernest Becker.
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d.
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Jean Piaget.
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31. “Situational adjustment” was a concept developed by a sociologist named
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a.
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Elisabeth Kubler-Ross.
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b.
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Robert Merton.
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c.
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Elliot Freidson.
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d.
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Howard Becker.
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32. The idea of a “life review” was that of geriatrician
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a.
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Robert Butler.
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b.
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Elizabeth Kubler-Ross.
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c.
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Howard Becker.
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d.
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Emile Durkheim.
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33. The right of self-deliverance for terminally ill patients would be supported by
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a.
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people who adopt a quality-of-life philosophy.
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b.
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people who adopt a sanctity-of-life philosophy.
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c.
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people who favor active euthanasia.
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d.
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people who adopt a quality-of-life philosophy and people who favor active euthanasia.
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34. The spread of cancer cells to other organs or tissues is called
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a.
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malignancy.
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b.
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metastases.
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c.
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benign.
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d.
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dynamic cells.
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35. A psychological approach to dying looks at dying from
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a.
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a cognitive perspective.
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b.
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a life stages perspective.
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c.
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a biological perspective.
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d.
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a behavior perspective.
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36. The primary cause of death in the United States today is
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a.
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accidents.
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b.
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old age.
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c.
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cardiovascular disease.
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d.
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pneumonia.
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37. In adolescence, parent-child relationships are often filled with
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a.
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conflict and alienation.
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b.
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positive emotions.
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c.
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anxiety.
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d.
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lack of trust.
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38. The characteristics adopted by a sick individual in accordance with the normative demands of the situation is called
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a.
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a sick role.
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b.
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playing the sick game.
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c.
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doing that which is expected.
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d.
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a demand response.
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39. Medical ethics
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a.
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gives answers.
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b.
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poses pros and cons of an issue.
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c.
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focuses on the pros of the issues clearly for all to see.
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d.
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focuses on the cons of the issues clearly for all to argue about.
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40. Which is false regarding the elderly in the United States?
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a.
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The elderly do not seem reluctant to talk about dying and death, but others are reluctant to talk to them about dying and death.
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b.
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Research suggests that older adults think of death more often than younger adults but appear to have less fear concerning death.
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c.
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Older adults tend to see their lives as having few prospects for the future and less value.
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d.
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Research suggests that the married tend to be more fearful of death than the unmarried.
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41. According to Leming and Dickinson, which of the following is true?
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a.
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People who have weak religious commitments are most likely to fear death.
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b.
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People who have strong religious commitments are most likely to fear death.
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c.
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People who have moderate religious commitments are most likely to fear death.
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d.
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Atheists are more likely to fear death.
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42. The process whereby an individual withdraws from society or society withdraws from or no longer seeks the individual’s efforts is known as
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a.
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withdrawal syndrome.
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b.
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phase-out behavior.
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c.
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activity theory.
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d.
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disengagement.
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43. Regarding death anxiety and death education, thanatologists
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a.
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agree that death education relieves death anxiety.
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b.
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agree that death education does not relieve death anxiety.
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c.
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agree that there has been a decrease in fear and less concern about dying due to an increase in education.
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d.
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agree that death education increases death anxiety
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44. Which of the following statements is false?
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a.
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In the United States, mercy killing is considered murder.
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b.
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All forms of active euthanasia are illegal in the United States.
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c.
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Compassion and Choices supports the right of any individual to take his or her own life through suicide regardless of motivation.
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d.
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It is a felony in most states to assist another to commit suicide.
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45. Which is a major criticism of Kubler-Ross’s stages of dying?
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a.
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It lacks universality.
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b.
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It needs to be expanded to include other behaviors.
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c.
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It does not take into consideration infant deaths.
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d.
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It is too biologically oriented.
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46. A sociological study of death is likely to include
|
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a.
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an effort to determine whether certain death‑related behavior is moral or ethical.
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b.
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a consideration of how biological organs function to produce death.
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c.
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a consideration of how humans originally became subject to death.
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d.
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a consideration of how social factors influence biological factors related to death.
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47. When blame for the mistakes of others is placed on another person or group, this is known as
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a.
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blame projection.
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b.
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scapegoating.
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c.
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blame trajectory.
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d.
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false blaming.
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48. According to anthropologist Colin Turnbull,
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a.
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Americans know when it is time to die and accept that fact.
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b.
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Americans want to live forever.
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c.
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Africans do not know when it is time to die and deny that fact.
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d.
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Africans want to live forever.
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49. The centralist theory of the diagnosis of death
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a.
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was the prominent view in the 14th century.
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b.
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proposed that the entire body and every organ and cell possessed the life force.
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c.
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has been resurrected by the modern theory of brain death.
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d.
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was that death was not permanent.
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50. Primary source of payment for U.S. hospice care is
|
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a.
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Medicare.
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b.
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private insurance.
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c.
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Social Security.
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d.
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Medicaid.
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51. The relationship between the variables of religiosity and death anxiety tend to be which of the following?
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a.
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Linear
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b.
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Curvilinear
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c.
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Collinear
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d.
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Skewed
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52. “Adolescence” includes the ages
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a.
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12–15.
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b.
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12–19.
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c.
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15–19.
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d.
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13–17.
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53. In a study of first-year medical students in the gross anatomy laboratory, pre- and post-surveys of students revealed which of the following?
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a.
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84 percent showed less death anxiety after completing gross anatomy
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b.
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54 percent of student showed less death anxiety after completing gross anatomy
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c.
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29 percent experienced no change to fear of death
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d.
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17 percent had increased fear of death
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54. The first childhood death experience occurs around the average age of ________ years.
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55. Awareness contexts of dying were established by
|
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a.
|
Merton and Coe.
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|
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b.
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Becker and Kubler-Ross.
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c.
|
Glaser and Strauss.
|
|
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d.
|
Kavanaugh and Kamerman.
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|
56. The “suicide physician” in Michigan who assisted with individual deaths in the 1990s was
|
|
a.
|
Michael DeBakey.
|
|
|
b.
|
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross.
|
|
|
c.
|
Earl Grollman.
|
|
|
d.
|
Jack Kevorkian.
|
|
|
57. Prison hospice programs emerged in the United States in the
|
|
a.
|
1960s.
|
|
|
b.
|
1970s.
|
|
|
c.
|
1980s.
|
|
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d.
|
1990s.
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|
58. A federal and state program that uses general revenues to fund health care for the poor is called
|
|
a.
|
Medicare.
|
|
|
b.
|
Medicaid.
|
|
|
c.
|
managed care.
|
|
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d.
|
third-party payments.
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|
|
59. The interdisciplinary study of death-related behavior is known as
|
|
a.
|
death etiology.
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|
|
b.
|
thanatology.
|
|
|
c.
|
anthropometry.
|
|
|
d.
|
gerontology.
|
|
|
60. Which of the following statements is true?
|
|
a.
|
Compassion and Choices considers suicide and self-deliverance to be the same.
|
|
|
b.
|
Compassion and Choices supports the right of active, rational, and voluntary euthanasia for all terminal patients.
|
|
|
c.
|
Compassion and Choices supports the right of any individual to take his or her own life through suicide regardless of motivation.
|
|
|
d.
|
The former name of Compassion and Choices was the British Voluntary Euthanasia Society.
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61. Withholding “extraordinary” life support would be supported by
|
|
a.
|
people who adopt a quality-of-life philosophy.
|
|
|
b.
|
people who adopt a sanctity-of-life philosophy.
|
|
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c.
|
people who favor passive euthanasia.
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|
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d.
|
people who adopt a quality-of-life philosophy, sanctity-of-life philosophy, and who favor passive euthanasia.
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62. Which contributes to the fact that physicians are ill prepared to deal with dying patients?
|
|
a.
|
Lack of personal experience with death
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|
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b.
|
Lack of training provided by medical schools
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c.
|
Assumption that physicians are supposed to save lives; thus, the dying patient is a losing battle
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|
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d.
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All of the above.
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63. The “Living Will” would be supported by
|
|
a.
|
people who adopt a quality-of-life philosophy.
|
|
|
b.
|
people who adopt a sanctity-of-life philosophy.
|
|
|
c.
|
people who favor passive euthanasia.
|
|
|
d.
|
people who adopt a quality-of-life philosophy, sanctity-of-life philosophy, and who favor passive euthanasia.
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|
|
64. A prevalent idea in most Western societies, especially the United States, that if the technological capability to do something is available, then it should be done, is called
|
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a.
|
the technological imperative.
|
|
|
b.
|
technology in action.
|
|
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c.
|
a technosolution.
|
|
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d.
|
None of the above.
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65. During the Dying of Death Period (1830–1945), which did not occur?
|
|
a.
|
Landscaped rural cemeteries
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|
|
b.
|
Life insurance
|
|
|
c.
|
Fall of the middle class
|
|
|
d.
|
Professional funeral organizations
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|
|
66. The ISAS paradigm for doing research in the social sciences, especially sociology, is the shorthand formula for
|
|
a.
|
structural functionalism.
|
|
|
b.
|
the conflict perspective.
|
|
|
c.
|
social exchange.
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d.
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symbolic interactionism.
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67. Why is the terminally ill patient considered a deviant in the medical subculture?
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a.
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They are always fussy and difficult to handle.
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|
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b.
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Death poses a threat to the image of the “physician as healer.”
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|
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c.
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Death creates embarrassing and emotionally upsetting disruptions in the scientific objectivity of the medical system.
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d.
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Both b and c.
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68. A plan of action or expected behavior pattern thought to be appropriate for a particular situation is a
|
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a.
|
status.
|
|
|
b.
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norm.
|
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c.
|
master status.
|
|
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d.
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value.
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69. The Puritans encouraged each other to _____________ death.
|
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a.
|
look forward to
|
|
|
b.
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think about
|
|
|
c.
|
be anxious toward
|
|
|
d.
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fear
|
|
|
70. The author of Living and Dying at Murray Manor is
|
|
a.
|
C. Saunders.
|
|
|
b.
|
T. Parsons.
|
|
|
c.
|
J. Gubrium.
|
|
|
d.
|
M. Weber.
|
|
|
SHORT ANSWER: Pick only 2 questions to answer. Please indicate which number you are answering on your answer sheet and answer the question. 4 points each.
1. What is meant by “patient-centered” care?
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|
2. What effect did the dropping of the atom bomb during WWII have on American death conceptions?
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|
3. How might death education help an individual deal with dying and death?
|
|
4. Discuss why death rates from heart disease and cancer have gone down in the United States in recent years.
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5. What factors have contributed to the American avoidance of death and dying?
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|
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