Exam 2 review sheet

PSY 361 Test 2 Review Sheet

Chapter 5

Sex vs. Gender

Transition from girl to woman in traditional cultures

Transition from boy to man in traditional cultures

Transition from girl to woman in American history

Transition from boy to man in American history

Gender intensification hypothesis

Differential gender socialization

Cognitive development theory/Gender role schema

Expressive vs. Instrumental traits

Masculinity, Femininity, Androgyny

Chapter 6

Self conception

Actual self; Possible selves (ideal self, feared self); False self

Self esteem

Independent self vs. interdependent self

Self-esteem (transition from pre-adolescence to adolescence & emerging adulthood)

Emotional self

Erikson’s theory of development

Identification

Identity status model (achievement; foreclosure; moratorium; diffusion)

Gender differences in identity formation

Ethnic identity formation(assimilation; marginality, separation, biculturalism)

Social vs. Emotional loneliness

Chapter 7

Principles of family systems

Changes during midlife

Sibling relationships (caregiver, buddy, critical, rival, causal)

Parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, disengaged)

Effects of parenting styles on adolescents

Attachment (secure, avoidant; ambivalent, disorganized)

Internal working model of relationship in attachment

Source of parent adolescent conflict

Emerging adult’s relationships with parents

Historical changes in family (past 2 centuries, past 50 years)

Effects of divorce on adolescents

Family Structure

Family process

Effects of remarriage

Effects of dual-earner families

Physical & sexual abuse in families

Chapter 8

Friends vs. Peers

Topics of discussion (family vs. friends)

Trends of friendships

Intimacy in friendships

Types of support (informational; instrumental; companionship, esteem)

Cliques

Crowds (elites; athletes, academics, deviants, other)

Sarcasm & Ridicule

Antagonistic interactions

Relational aggression

Developmental changes in crowds (early adolescents – late adolescents)

Dunphy’s stages of social interaction

Popularity vs. Unpopularity (traits)

Rejected

Neglected

Controversial

Bullying

Components

Social status

Youth Culture (Components)

Youth Style

Technological changes