Psychology Assignment

Iribarren, J., Prolo, P., Neagos, N., & Chiappelli, F. (2005). Post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence-based research for the third millennium. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(4), 503-512.

The article reviews the current knowledge of posttraumatic stress disorders and development of treatment interventions. Additionally, it discusses complementary medical intervention for individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorders. According to the article, there is a need for conducting evidence-based research to determine strength of complementary approaches in managing posttraumatic stress disorders. Complementary therapies are commonly used among veterans and their families in managing pain and anxiety associated with traumatic events. Benefits of complementary acupuncture and massage is evident in treatment and management of posttraumatic stress disorders.

Lewis, S. J., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Matthews, T., Moffitt, T. E., & Danese, A. (2019). The epidemiology of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative cohort of young people in England and Wales. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 247-256.

The study evaluates prevalence, clinical features as well as risk factors linked to posttraumatic stress disorders among young people. Most young people experience post traumatic disorders. Most young people report major depressive episodes, alcohol dependence, and suicidal thoughts. As a result, there is a need to improve screening and establish comprehensive clinical assessment to provide appropriate treatment for young people experiencing post traumatic disorders.

Miao, X. R., Chen, Q. B., Wei, K., Tao, K. M., & Lu, Z. J. (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder: from diagnosis to prevention. Military Medical Research, 5(1), 1-7.

The current article provides information related to a current understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder. According to the literature, the disorder causes disturbances among individuals and their families, as well as financial, and social problems. Additionally, posttraumatic disorder leads to depression, substance use, and poor physical health. The article states that about 72 percent of veterans are more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder after returning to civilian life’. they are likely to report self-control issues, expression troubles, as well as emotional regulation. Psychological and pharmacological interventions are accepted and applicable for managing posttraumatic stress disorders. However, there is a need for future research about psychological indicators to minimize or prevent suffering among individuals and families affected by the disorder.

 Wallace, D. M., & Sweetman, A. (2020). Comorbid sleep apnea, post-traumatic stress disorder, and insomnia: underlying mechanisms and treatment implications—a commentary on El Solh et al.'s Impact of low arousal threshold on the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Sleep and Breathing, 1-3.

The article aims at assessing the prevalence of low arousal threshold among veterans affected by traumatic events and whether their condition is associated with the utilization of positive airway pressure. The finding of the study shows that younger veterans are at a greater risk of experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder. Additionally, veterans with posttraumatic disorders report presence of insomnia, and most of them are using anti depression. The study also found that low arousal threshold is a common endotype among veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, there is a need for further research to design effective therapy to improve sleep quality among patients.

 Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). Treating PTSD: A review of evidence-based psychotherapy interventions. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 12, 258.

The aim of the article is to review a set of 2017 guidelines and to highlight the psychological treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder among adults affected by traumatic events. According to the article, some of the most effective psychological interventions for posttraumatic disorder include Cognitive Processing Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, as well as Prolonged Exposure. The set of guidelines in the VA and APA in 2017 recommends the psychological treatments because these interventions address memories and feelings associated with traumatic events. It is worth noting that these treatments options /should be used depending on patient preferences, and clinician expertise.