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Nutrition Influences Bone Development from Infancy through Toddler Years1 Specker, Bonny . The Journal of Nutrition ; Bethesda  Vol. 134, Iss. 3,  (Mar 2004): 691S-695S.

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ABSTRACT  

During the last decade a greater appreciation has developed for determining factors that influence bone accretion

in healthy children. Nutritional factors that may contribute to bone accretion in infants and toddlers include

maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, type of infant feeding, calcium and phosphorus content of infant

formula, introduction of weaning foods, and diet during the toddler and preschool years. Maternal vitamin D

deficiency during pregnancy is associated with disturbances in neonatal calcium homeostasis, and maternal

calcium deficiency leads to reduced neonatal bone mineral content (BMC). Preterm infants are at increased risk of

osteopenia, and, although the use of high mineral formula has reduced the risk of osteopenia in these infants, it

has not eliminated it. The reason for the long-term bone deficiency among preterm infants is not clear, although

lower physical activity levels have been suggested as a potential cause. Studies find that human milk-fed infants

have lower bone accretion than do formula-fed infants; that the greater the mineral content of formula, the greater

the bone accretion; and that the inclusion of palm olein oil in infant formula may reduce bone mineral accretion.

Bone accretion is not influenced by the timing of the introduction of weaning foods, despite higher serum

parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations among infants who receive solids earlier. There is evidence of calcium

intake-by-gene and calcium intake-by-physical activity interactions among toddlers and young children. The long-

term effects of these early nutritional influences on later bone health are unknown. J. Nutr. 134: 691S-695S, 2004.

[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

KEY WORDS: * bone * children * Infants * diet * nutrition DETAILS

Subject: Bones; Children &youth; Diet; Nutrition

MeSH: Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Food, Infant, Newborn, Milk, Human,

Nutritional Status, Pregnancy -- physiology, Bone Development -- physiology (major),

Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena (major), Nutritional Physiological

Phenomena (major)

Publication title: The Journal of Nutrition; Bethesda

Volume: 134

Issue: 3

Pages: 691S-695S

Number of pages: 5

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Publication year: 2004

Publication date: Mar 2004

Section: Nutritional Influences on Bone Growth in Children

Publisher: American Institute of Nutrition

Place of publication: Bethesda

Country of publication: United States, Bethesda

Publication subject: Nutrition And Dietetics

ISSN: 00223166

CODEN: JONUAI

Source type: Scholarly Journals

Language of publication: English

Document type: Comparative Study

Document feature: Graphs References

Accession number: 14988469

ProQuest document ID: 197459 105

Document URL: https://saintleo.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/19745

9105?accountid=4870

Copyright: Copyright American Institute of Nutrition Mar 2004

Last updated: 2016-05-28

Database: STEM Database,Research Library

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