PSYSCHOLOGY PSY101
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PSY101tutorial5tsatsd2020.pptxPSY101
Tutorial 5
Lab report results
Participants
XXX university students
xx females
xx males
xx other
Age range of xx years to xx years (mean age of xx years)
Nationalities
Participants
Participants were university students from a first year psychology unit.
224 participants: 137 females and 87 males.
Age range: 17 years to 49 years with a mean age of 23.35 years
Nationalities: 21 nationalities, with 38.4% from Australia, and 42.9% from Singapore.
There was originally 237 participants, however the data from 13 participants was removed prior to analysis:
2 participants were from countries with no Individualism rating (Eritrea and Zimbabwe)
the sum of the scores for the three categories had to equal 28. 11 participants were removed from the data as the sum of their sores did not equal 28.
Participants
How will you describe/summarize the nationalities?
How will you describe/summarize the Individualism Index ratings?
What is the most important/relevant information?
Can it be summarized in text?
Can it be presented in a table?
Tables
Tables can be used to summarize large amounts of data- but should be used sparingly.
Tables must be formatted according to APA guidelines.
http://www.radford.edu/~jaspelme/443/spring-2007/How_to_Make_an_APA_format_Table_in_Word.pdf
DO NOT USE SPSS OUTPUT TABLES
Results
How did we analyze the data?
What were the findings?
How do you report them in your lab report?
What do the findings mean?
Results
How did we analyze the data?
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
Bivariate correlation (looking for relationship between 2 variables)
The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) is a measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables
A Pearson’s correlation attempts to draw a line of best fit through the data of two variables, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, indicates how far away all these data points are to this line of best fit (i.e., how well the data points fit this new model/line of best fit).
We need to know if the relationship is SIGNIFICANT
If it is significant, we need to know if it is STRONG, MODERATE or WEAK
Don’t panic! We don’t expect you to understand this yet!
You will learn it PSY173.
More information on LMS: “Quick guide to Pearson’s r”
Results
What were the findings?
SPSS output
| Statistics | |||||
| GENDER | Nationality | AGE | IndivRating | ||
| N | Valid | 224 | 224 | 224 | 224 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GENDER | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Female | 137 | 61.2 | 61.2 | 61.2 |
| Male | 87 | 38.8 | 38.8 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 224 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Results
| Descriptive Statistics | |||||
| N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. Deviation | |
| IdiocentricScore | 224 | 0 | 28 | 11.28 | 6.556 |
| GroupScore | 224 | 0 | 28 | 12.82 | 7.752 |
| AllocentricScore | 224 | 0 | 21 | 3.90 | 4.670 |
| Valid N (listwise) | 224 |
| Descriptive Statistics | |||||
| N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. Deviation | |
| AGE | 224 | 17 | 49 | 22.35 | 5.528 |
| Valid N (listwise) | 224 |
| Nationality | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | Australia | 86 | 38.4 | 38.4 | 38.4 |
| Brazil | 1 | .4 | .4 | 38.8 | |
| Canada | 1 | .4 | .4 | 39.3 | |
| China | 1 | .4 | .4 | 39.7 | |
| Colombia | 1 | .4 | .4 | 40.2 | |
| Ghana | 1 | .4 | .4 | 40.6 | |
| India | 2 | .9 | .9 | 41.5 | |
| Indonesia | 2 | .9 | .9 | 42.4 | |
| Italy | 2 | .9 | .9 | 43.3 | |
| Kenya | 1 | .4 | .4 | 43.8 | |
| Malaysia | 5 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 46.0 | |
| New Zealand | 3 | 1.3 | .9 | 47.3 | |
| Pakistan | 1 | .4 | .4 | 47.8 | |
| Philippines | 6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 50.4 | |
| Singapore | 96 | 42.9 | 42.9 | 93.3 | |
| South African | 2 | .9 | .9 | 94.2 | |
| Sri Lanka | 1 | .4 | .4 | 94.6 | |
| The Netherlands | 1 | .4 | .4 | 95.1 | |
| UK | 9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 99.1 | |
| USA | 1 | .4 | .4 | 99.6 | |
| Zambia | 1 | .4 | .4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 224 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| IndivRating | |||||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | 13 | 1 | .4 | .4 | .4 |
| 14 | 3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.8 | |
| 15 | 1 | .4 | .4 | 2.2 | |
| 20 | 98 | 43.8 | 43.8 | 46.0 | |
| 26 | 5 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 48.2 | |
| 32 | 6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 50.9 | |
| 35 | 2 | .9 | .9 | 51.8 | |
| 38 | 1 | .4 | .4 | 52.2 | |
| 48 | 2 | .9 | .9 | 53.1 | |
| 65 | 2 | .9 | .9 | 54.0 | |
| 76 | 2 | .9 | .9 | 54.9 | |
| 79 | 3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 56.3 | |
| 80 | 2 | .9 | .9 | 57.1 | |
| 89 | 9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 61.2 | |
| 90 | 86 | 38.4 | 38.4 | 99.6 | |
| 91 | 1 | .4 | .4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 224 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Correlations
| Correlations | |||
| IndivRating | IdiocentricScore | ||
| IndivRating | Pearson Correlation | 1 | -.350** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .000 | ||
| N | 224 | 224 | |
| IdiocentricScore | Pearson Correlation | -.350** | 1 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .000 | ||
| N | 224 | 224 | |
| **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). |
Correlations
| Correlations | |||
| IndivRating | GroupScore | ||
| IndivRating | Pearson Correlation | 1 | .488** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .000 | ||
| N | 224 | 224 | |
| GroupScore | Pearson Correlation | .488** | 1 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .000 | ||
| N | 224 | 224 | |
| **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). |
Correlations
| Correlations | |||
| IndivRating | AllocentricScore | ||
| IndivRating | Pearson Correlation | 1 | -.318** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .000 | ||
| N | 224 | 224 | |
| AllocentricScore | Pearson Correlation | -.318** | 1 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .000 | ||
| N | 224 | 224 | |
| **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). |
Results
How do you report them in your lab report?
The Results section describes major findings from the data, using as evidence:
Descriptive statistics : analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarize data
e.g. the means of the variables (often presented in tables) or graphs
Inferential statistics: analysis techniques that allow us to use the data to make generalizations (inferences) about the populations from which the samples were drawn
e.g. Pearson’s r (for correlations)
Text (rather than tables or graphs) is used to draw attention to important findings.
Results
How do you report them in your lab report?
How to report descriptive statistics:
In a table:
In text:
Variable 1 (M=2.2, SD=0.84) and Variable 2 (M=4.2, SD=1.3)…
Variable 1 had a mean score of 2.2 (SD=0.84)….
Results
How to report descriptive statistics:
Sometimes it is appropriate to use a graph (figure).
Always refer to the Figure in the text:
The Annual Income (M=99688.89, SD=97191.19) and Self-Report
Altruism scores (M=8.09, SD=1.38) can be seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Annual Income in Australian dollars and scores on the Self-report Altruism Scale.
Results
How do you report them in your lab report?
How to report inferential statistics:
To assess the size and direction of the relationship between Individualism Index rating and the three variables: idiocentric statement score, group statement score and allocentric statement score, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated.
A significant, weak negative relationship was found between Individualism Index rating and idiocentric statement score, r (222) = -.35, p < .05, 2 tailed.
A significant, moderate positive relationship was found between Individualism Index rating and group statement score, r (222) = .49, p < .05, 2 tailed,
A significant, weak, negative relationship was found between Individualism Index rating and allocentric statement score, r(222) = -.32, p < .05, 2 tailed.
This can be copied and pasted into your report
The next step…
What do the findings mean?
In the Discussion section you will need to elaborate on the findings:
Do they support the hypotheses?
Are they in line with earlier findings?
If the findings do not support an hypothesis, what might be a possible explanation?
