PSYSCHOLOGY PSY101
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PSY101Lecture11.pptxPSY101 Introduction to Cultural and Community Psychology
Lecture 1
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Lecture outline
Unit Information
Lecture and tutorial schedule
Assessment schedule and details
Unit content
Cultural Psychology – Psychology with a Cultural Perspective
What is culture?
The Contents of Culture
How Does Culture Influence Human Behaviors
and Mental Processes?
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PSY101 Unit information
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Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2017). Culture and Psychology (6th ed.). Mason OH: Wadsworth Cengage Learning Inc.
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Burton, L. (2018). An interactive approach to writing essays and research reports in psychology (4th ed.). Milton, Qld: John Wiley & Sons
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| Session | Lecture | Readings | Online activities | Tutorial | Assessment |
| 1 | Introduction: What is cross-cultural psychology? | Textbook (Matsumoto & Juang): Chapter 1 | Unit guide quiz Dimensions of culture activity | Tutorial 1 | |
| 2 | Research methods & Enculturation | Textbook: Chapters 2 & 3 | APA Lab report writing activity | Tutorial 2 | |
| 3 | Self & Identity | Textbook: Chapter 5 and Bochner (1994) article (available on LMS) | Self-concept activity | Tutorial 3 | |
| 4 | Personality | Textbook: Chapter 6 | Personality activity | Tutorial 4 | Glossary: Due Friday (see LMS for date and time) |
| 5 | Developmental Processes | Textbook: Chapter 4 | Conducting research | Tutorial 5 | Lab report plan: Due Friday (see LMS for date and time) |
| 6 | Gender & Emotion | Textbook: Chapters 7 & 9 | Note taking and synthesizing ideas Managing resources and references | Tutorial 6 | |
| 7 | Cognition | Textbook: Chapter 8 | Perception activity | Tutorial 7 | |
| 8 | Language and Communication | Textbook: Chapter 10 | Tutorial 8 | Glossary: Due Friday (see LMS for date and time) | |
| 9 | Health | Textbook: Chapter 11 | Tutorial 9 | ||
| 10 | Psychological Disorders and Treatment | Textbook: Chapter 12 & 13 | Tutorial 10 | ||
| 11 | Social Behaviour | Textbook: Chapter 14 | Human Rights activity | Tutorial 11 | Lab report: Due Monday (see LMS for date and time) |
| 12 | Organizations & Unit Summary | Textbook: Chapter 15 | Hofstede’s dimensions activity | Tutorial 12 | Glossary: Due Friday (see LMS for date and time) |
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Assessments
4 assessments over the semester
Glossary 5%
Due Fridays of the weeks of sessions 4, 8 & 12, submitted via LMS.
Lab report plan 15%
Due Friday of the week of session 6, 750 words, submitted via LMS.
Lab report 40%
Due Monday of the week of session 11, 1500 words, submitted via LMS.
Exam 40%
In exam period, multiple choice and short essays
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Cultural Psychology – Psychology with a Cultural Perspective
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The Goals of Psychology
First goal: build body of knowledge about people
Second goal: take body of knowledge and apply it to intervene in people's lives
Applied psychologists engage in lifelong learning process to help intervene in people's lives
Theories tested for validity both in science and in real life settings
Psychology is well-equipped to meet the challenge of cultural diversity
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Cultural Psychology and Cross-Cultural Research
Is what we know about human behaviour true for all people?
Lots of research uses WEIRDOS (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic cultures) as participants
WEIRDOS are not representative of all humans
Cross-cultural research: tests cultural parameters of psychological knowledge
Involves inclusion of people of different cultural backgrounds
Cultural psychology: phenomenon of understanding cultural influences on behaviour
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The Contribution of the Study of Culture On Psychological Truths
Important to incorporate a cultural perspective in mainstream psychology
Knowledge created in psychology should be accurate and descriptive of all people
Cross-cultural research tests whether what is true for some is also true for others
Cultural diversity in findings and cultural differences in research are widespread
Multicultural psychology incorporates psychologies of cultures around world
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The Contribution of the Study of Culture In Our Own Lives
Practicing cultural psychology is an exercise in critical thinking:
Is what we know true for all people regardless of their cultural backgrounds?
Under what conditions do differences occur, and why?
What is it about culture that produces such differences?
What factors other than culture contribute to these differences?
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The Growth of Cultural Psychology and Cross-Cultural Research
Cultural psychology has made substantial impact in psychology worldwide
Popularity of cultural psychology due to importance of culture on behaviour
Intercultural conflicts led to much interest in cross-cultural research
Theoretical models are increasingly incorporating culture
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WHAT IS CULTURE?
www.yakultculture.com
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What Is Culture?
Where Does Culture Come From?
A Definition of Culture
Is Culture a Uniquely Human Product?
The Difference Between "Society" and "Culture"
Groups That Have Cultures
Contrasting Culture, Race, Personality, and Popular Culture
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What is Culture?
Culture, race, nationality, and ethnicity often used synonymously
Culture:
Describes activities or behaviors
Refers to heritage or tradition
Describes rules and norms
Describes learning or problem solving
Defines organization of group
Refers to origins of a group
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Where Does Culture Come From?
Where Does Culture Come From?
Universal psychological toolkit: aptitude and cognitive abilities help people adapt to environment
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A Definition of Culture
Function of culture:
Provides guidelines or roadmaps on what to do, how to think, and what to feel
Ways of living take advantage of toolkits to meet basic human needs
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A Definition of Culture
Human culture: a unique meaning and information system, shared by a group and transmitted across generations, that allows the group to meet the basic needs of survival, pursue happiness and well-being and derive meaning from life.
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Is Culture a Uniquely Human Product?
Many animals are social
Animal societies can have social networks and hierarchies
Many animals invent and use tools
Many animals communicate with each other
Characteristics of human life that differentiates it from those of animals:
complexity
differentiation
institutionalization
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The Difference Between "Society" and "Culture"
Society: system of interrelationships among people
Culture: meanings and information that are associated with social networks
e.g. different human cultures assign different meanings to family
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Groups That Have Cultures
Nationality
Language
Ethnicity
Gender
Disability
Sexual orientation
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Contrasting Culture, Race, Personality, and Popular Culture
Race: more of social construction than biological essential
“racial" differences are of little scientific or practical use
Personality: unique constellation of traits, attributes, qualities, and characteristics
culture is relatively stable across individuals, whereas personality can be vastly different
Popular culture: does not involve sharing a wide range of psychological attributes
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The Contents of Culture
Objective elements
The explicit, physical elements of a culture
Architecture, furnishings, clothes, foods, art, eating utensils, tools, musical instruments
Mass media, music, social media
By Ramitha.K.R (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
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The Contents of Culture
Subjective elements
Values: guiding principles that motivate and justify behaviour and serve as standards of judgement
Beliefs: propositions regarded as true relating to oneself, the social and physical environment, and the spiritual world
Norms: generally accepted standards of behavior for cultural group
Attitudes: evaluations of things occurring in ongoing thoughts
Worldviews: belief systems about world
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How Does Culture Influence Human Behaviours And Mental Processes?
Enculturation: process of learning about one’s culture beginning at birth
Culture influences psychological processes
Culture, situational context, and individual factors influence mental processes
System by which culture influences mental processes is dynamic
Relationship between culture and individual behaviours is a reciprocal, dynamic one
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Understanding Culture in Perspective: Universals and Culture-Specifics
There are many psychological processes in which all humans engage
Attributions: ability to recognize others as intentional agents while drawing inferences
Making attributions is universal, but people may differ in the way they make them
Because human cultures exist in unique environments, differences exist among cultures
Same psychological process may be done differently when comparing human cultures
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Etics and Emics
Etics: universal psychological processes
Emics: culture-specific processes
Each culture has had different combinations of geography, climate, resources, precious culture, and contact with other cultures
People are very similar in their basic needs and wants, but work towards them differently
Cultures have long histories of having worked for many generations
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Foregrounding culture
We all are shaped by our culture
When the textbook says…
“…we know that people have needs that must be met in order to survive. They come into the world equipped with a universal psychological toolkit….But, they also live in groups…” etc.
This is about all of us.
we
We
we
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