International Economic assignment
Fall 2017 Econ 470 Homework #2
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Homework Problem Set #2 Econ 470, EWU Fall 2017 Due: TBA on Canvas
PURPOSE This problem set will provide you practice on, and assess your understanding, of the major topics and concepts from Unit #2: what are the distributional effects of trade? The topics covered can be found in Chapters 2 and 5 of the Pugel text and the course lecture slides (available on Canvas). Knowledge: this assignment will help you become more familiar with the following major concepts from this unit:
1. The concepts of supply and demand, quantity supplied and quantity demanded, equilibrium. 2. The concepts of consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus. 3. The effects of trade on consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus in export and import markets. 4. The effects of trade on factor payments in the short run in export and import markets. 5. The effects of trade on factor payments in the long run in export and import markets (Stolper‐Samuelson
theorem and factor price equalization). Skills: the purpose of this problem set is to help you practice the following skills associated with this unit:
1. How to use a graph or table to identify and calculate equilibrium production and consumption, imports, exports, consumer surplus, producer surplus, total surplus, and changes in surplus in autarky and trade. 2. How to use individual country supply and demand equations to algebraically solve for equilibrium production and consumption, imports, exports, consumer surplus, producer surplus, total surplus, and changes in surplus in autarky and trade. 3. How to calculate real factor payments given long‐run output price equations and long‐run output prices. 4. How to predict and explain the short‐run and long‐run effects of trade and/or output price changes on factor payments given trade patterns or factor endowments and intensities.
TASK
1. Write your answers, along with your name and the assignment title, on a separate sheet of paper. Do not answer the questions on this print out; if you do, you will lose 10 points!
2. Write your answer, along with the question number, on your sheet of paper. When applicable, explain your reasoning and how you got your answer, and if any calculations are involved, make sure to show your work. Make sure all graphs are labeled.
3. After answering, double check that you have answered each part of the question in its entirety. 4. Staple all of your sheets together, in order, and turn in your assignment to the professor’s office or to the professor
in class by the due date listed at the top of the page. Do not turn in this print out with your answers. CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS The entire problem set is worth points 220 in total. Problems are graded on the basis of
Correctness: are the correct concepts used? Are the correct formulas and equations used? Are the answers free of math errors?
Completeness: are all parts of the question answered? Is your reasoning explained? Do you show all of your work on computation problems? Are graphs labeled?
Presentation: are answers, graphs, and calculations written neatly and presented in an easy‐to‐follow order? Is hand‐writing legible?
Fall 2017 Econ 470 Homework #2
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1. (10 points) Suppose that the United States removes its long‐standing embargo on trade with Cuba. Opponents of ending the embargo argue that opening trade between the United States and Cuba would benefit Cuba and hurt the
United States by injuring U.S. producers of goods that compete with potential Cuban exports. Evaluate this position.
2. (10 points) Ms. Peters, one of your neighbors, spends the majority of her income on cheese. She complains to you that, after your country became more open to trade and began exporting a variety of cheese products, her real
income was reduced. She argues that the country has obviously been harmed by expanded trade and that
restrictions should be imposed. How would you respond to Ms. Peters?
3. (10 points) You read in a magazine that several labor unions in the country of Coruscant are urging their government to restrict trade through import quotas. What might you infer about the relative factor abundance in that country?
Why?
4. (10 points) Explain how the international movement of products and of factor inputs promotes an equalization of factor prices among nations.
5. (10 points) Your friend Jose is having trouble understanding some basic concepts about international trade. Since he knows that you are taking international economics, he asks you the following question: “If trade equalizes the price
of goods between countries, what incentive do people have to keep trading? I mean, if prices are equalized, is there
even a reason to trade?” How would you respond to Jose?
6. (55 points) Consider the domestic market for beef in the country of Spain. The domestic Spanish supply and demand curves for beef are given below.
Supply: 20 10
Demand: 190 5
where is the quantity of beef supplied by Spanish producers and is the quantity of beef demanded by
Spanish consumers at price .
The supply and demand curves for beef in the rest of the world are given below.
Supply: 35 5
Demand: 295 15
where is the quantity of beef supplied by the rest of the world’s producers and is the quantity of beef
demanded by the rest of the world’s consumers at price .
Use the above equations to answer the following questions. Round all answers to two decimal points. Make sure to
show your calculations, and make sure any new variables are clearly defined.
a. (8 points) In the absence of any trade, what is the equilibrium autarky price and quantity of beef in Spain? In the rest of the world?
Fall 2017 Econ 470 Homework #2
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b. (12 points)What is consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus under autarky in Spain? In the rest of the world?
c. (5 points) Given your answer in part a, do you expect Spain to import or export beef? Explain your answer. d. (8 points) Derive an equation for the demand for imports and the supply of exports. Let denote the quantity
of imports demanded and denote the quantity of exports supplied at world price . e. (4 points) Suppose that Spain and the rest of the world open the beef market to trade. What is the resulting
equilibrium world price under trade and the quantity of beef traded?
f. (8 points) What is consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus under trade in Spain? In the rest of the world?
g. (5 points) What group(s) gain from trade in Spain and the rest of the world? What group(s) lose? Why? h. (5 points) Does trade make Spain and the rest of the world better off? Explain your answer.
7. (30 points) The following graph shows the domestic supply and demand curves for the market for oil in the United States. Use the graph to answer the following questions.
a. (8 points) With free trade and a world oil price of $150/barrel, how much oil does the United States produce domestically? How much does it consume? Does the U.S. import or export oil? How much?
b. (6 points) Calculate consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus in the U.S. oil market under free trade.
c. (6 points) Suppose the United States outlawed all imports and exports of oil. How much oil would the U.S. produce? How much does it consume?
d. (10 points) If the United States stopped all oil imports and exports, which group(s) in the U.S. would gain? Which group(s) would lose? Quantity these gains and losses.
Fall 2017 Econ 470 Homework #2
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8. (20 points) Consider the economies of Peru and Germany. Assume each country produces two goods only: cars (capital‐intensive production) and shoes (labor‐intensive production). Each country’s factor endowments are listed
in the table below:
Peru Germany
Labor 10 40
Capital 2 10
Suppose Peru and Germany open to free trade in cars and shoes. What are the short‐run and long‐run effects on the
real income earned by labor and capital owners in each industry in each country?
9. (10 points) Consider the following statement: “The factor‐price equalization theorem states that with free trade the real wage earned by labor becomes equal to the real rent earned by landowners.” Is this statement correct,
incorrect, or uncertain? Explain your answer.
10. (10 points) Consider the following statement: “When a country opens to free trade, people in import‐competing industries are harmed, but only in the short run. In the long run, inputs can freely move between industries so
everybody ends up gaining with free trade.” Do you agree or disagree? Why?
11. (45 points) In the long run in a perfectly competitive industry, price is equal to marginal cost and firms earn no economic profits. The following two equations describe the long‐run price/cost equations for strawberries and
computers
Strawberries: 60 40
Computers: 80 20
where w is the wage rate and r is the rent paid to landowners. (Keep in mind that because factors can move
between industries in the long run, labor and landowners are paid the same wage and rent in each industry in the
long run.)
a. (12 points) Suppose the price of a unit of strawberries is $100 and the price of a computer is $120. What is the wage rate (w) and rent (r)? What is the real wage with respect to each good? What is the real rental rate with
respect to each good?
b. (8 points) What is the labor input share per dollar of strawberries? Per dollar of computers? What is the land input share per dollar of strawberries? Per dollar of computers?
c. (4 points) Suppose the price of computers falls to $80. What are the new long‐run values for w and r? d. (12 points) What is the real wage with respect to each good? Is the real wage higher or lower “on average”?
What is the real rental rate with respect to each good? Is the real rental rate higher or lower “on average”?
e. (9 points) Relate your conclusions in part d to the Stolper‐Samuelson theorem.