Su-F-PR-3

Module Title: Procurement and Supply Chain Management

Module Code Number: KB7035

Module Leader: Dr. Victor Samwinga

Coursework Title: Procurement Report

Student Id: W21049176

Executive summary

Leicester City Council has granted in principle planning permission to build new student housing

buildings near the Highcross Shopping Centre as part of the regeneration plans. Leicester's

Waterside regeneration area, currently occupied by a traffic island, will be home to 205 flats in

the upcoming development.This will be a management suite in the eight-story student

accommodation which provides 24-hour security and supervision. The student accommodation is

proposed to have the following mix of accommodations:

A total of 12 studios (four of them are accessible), a total of 15 apartments with two bedrooms,

atotal of 8 three-bedroom apartments , one accessible apartment with four bedrooms, 15

apartments with five bedrooms, and There will be 10 six-bedroom apartments available. In

addition to communal space, there will be a number of amenities designed to promote active

citizenship and sociability:

(i) A hub for students; (ii) Fitness center; (iii). Dining Room;(iv) An area for playing games; (v)

Room for watching movies.

Paragon Development Finance has approved disbursements of £8.8 million over 18 months to

the developers. The money will be accessible of March 2023. A substantial amount of detailed

design work still needs to be done before the scheme can receive the necessary approvals. In

order to complete the outstanding design, the client is undecided whether to retain WALTERS

ARCHITECTS or to find another institution to handle this work. Keeping construction costs

down, while keeping quality high, is important to the client who is looking to maximize return on

investment.

A similar student residence scheme in Manchester had to be delayed by one academic year due

to a tarnished reputation and loss of profit. As the developer has recently been granted approval

to proceed with the following student accommodation projects, subject to the successful

completion of the Waterside Development, it has received funding approval in principle:

1. Construction of Sugarwell Court, a 130-bed scheme in Leeds, at a cost of £6.8 million;

2. The Exeter Heavitree Road Development, Exeter, comprises 450 luxury apartments and

costs £15.2 million.

3. Table 1: Possible future projects upon completion of this project

Name of project Location Number of bedrooms cost

Sugarwell court

development

Leeds 130 £ 6.8 million

Exeter Heavitree Road

Development

Exeter 450 £ 15.2 million

4.

Table of Contents

Executive summary .....................................................................................................................1

List of Figures .............................................................................................................................5

Introduction ................................................................................................................................6

Procurement roadmap for the client .............................................................................................6

i. Clients and stakeholders need ...........................................................................................6

ii. Most suitable form of contract ........................................................................................ 10

iii. Suitable tendering strategy .............................................................................................. 11

iv. The mechanism of agreeing price ................................................................................... 12

The relevance of supply chain management............................................................................... 15

Importance of developing and maintaining relationships ........................................................... 17

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 20

References ................................................................................................................................ 22

Image sources ........................................................................................................................... 22

Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 25

Glossary .................................................................................................................................... 26

List of Figures

Figure 1: Student dining room- one of the common areas for socialization ------------------------- 7

Figure 2: Student cinema hall-another of the common areas ----------------------------------------- 8

Introduction

The construction project is planned to take place near Leicester’sHigh cross Shopping

Centre and the twoUniversities in the City. When it comes to property development, it’s always

important to have a team of experts on hand to give you unbiased advice. That’s why it’s so

important to consult with a property developer when planning your next property project.

External consultation with a property developer can help you make sure you’re getting

the most out of your investment. Not only will they be able to provide you with expert advice,

but they’ll also be able to provide you with a detailed plan of what needs to be done in order to

make your project a success.

During the entire construction process, there will be a need to establish a relationship

between the clients and all other stakeholders, which will have to be maintained throughout the

project (Cox, 2013). A good relationship will bring a number of benefits, including reducing

costs of operation, enhanced efficiency, among other things, as well as reducing the number of

errors that occur. Also, during the entire process of implementing the required changes, a very

good supply chain management system will be followed throughout to achieve the following

benefits: (a) reduce overhead costs, (b) enhance risk mitigation, and (c) improve cash flow

(Brewer, Ashenbaum, & Carter, 2013).

Procurement roadmap for the client

i. Clients and stakeholders need

A building with 205 bedrooms is needed for the client. It will be an eight-story structure.

An eight-story building that would provide 24-hour security and supervision is proposed for

student housing (Bag, 2016).

Figure 1: Student dining room- one of the common areas for socialization

Approximately $ 8.8 million in Paragon Development financing will be used for

construction (Dzuke, Naude, 2017). Higihcross shopping center is nearby the building. In order

to avoid a bad reputation, it is important for the contractor to deliver the work on time. The

Planning Authority may also approve other projects, like Sugarwell Court Development and

Exeter Heavitree Road Development, if the project succeeds (Essig & Arnold, 2021). One of the

issues is that the planning approval for the construction has not yet being approved because of

many obstacles such as the RAWD( resident against riverside development). This could,

however be overcome through the use of greener approach to the project.

It is imperative that the main contractor be flexible when it comes to accommodating

minor changes when necessary. There may also be changes needed to the floor plan, room

dimensions, paint color, plumbing system configuration, and electrical system configuration as

part of the minor changes (Graham, and Hardaker, 2018).

Most suitable procurement arrangement

Figure 2: Student cinema hall-another of the common areas.

The traditional Design-Bid-Build procurement arrangement is one of the most common

methods for procuring construction projects. It is a sequential process, where the design of a

project is first completed, then competitive bids are solicited from contractors, and finally, a

contractor is selected to build the project(Alhola, & Nissinen, 2018).

This approach can be beneficial for developers as it allows them to control the design of

their project and have multiple options for a contractor. It also allows them to review and

compare different bids to get the best value for their project1.

However, this arrangement also comes with some downsides. One downside is that the

developer must handle all aspects of the project themselves, including finding a contractor,

managing the bid process, and ensuring that the project is completed on time and on budget. This

can be a daunting task, especially for inexperienced developers(Antoun, Kassem, Harb, &

Baena, 2019).’=

1Alhola, K., & Nissinen, A. (2018). Integrating cleantech into innovative public procurement process – evidence and

success factors. Journal of Public Procurement, 18(4), 336–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/jopp-11-2018-020

Another downside is that the design-bid-build process can be long and cumbersome. It

often involves multiple stages of design review before final construction can begin, leading to

increased costs and delays in completion.

The main advantage of DBB is that it allows for a competitive bidding process between

multiple contractors. This helps ensure that the project will be completed at the lowest cost and

highest quality possible. In addition, the owner has the ability to select specific materials,

designs, and other specifications during the bidding process(Bienhaus, & Haddud, 2018).

However, the traditional design-bid-build approach also has several drawbacks. It is often

slower and more expensive than other procurement methods as it requires extensive coordination

between the contractor and designer before the project begins. Additionally, there can be

additional delays if changes are needed in the design during the bidding process. Finally, it can

also be difficult to manage all of the different parties involved in the project when utilizing a

DBB approach.

Despite its shortcomings, traditional design-bid-build is still a popular procurement

method used by many developers. It provides owners with the ability to maintain control over the

project and ensure that it meets their specifications and budget. With proper planning and

coordination, developers can use this procurement method to their advantage and create

successful projects(Bienhaus, & Haddud, 2018).

In conclusion, the traditional Design-Bid-Build procurement arrangement can be a great

option for experienced developers who want to control the design of their project and have

multiple options for a contractor. However, it also has its drawbacks and may not be the best

option for inexperienced developers or those who are looking for a faster, more streamlined

approach.

ii. Most suitable form of contract

Because of the complexity of this project, and high cost, a contractor and several subcontractors

will be necessarily to carryout the construction and installation of everything needed. The main

contractor will do the construction. The subcontractors needed include the electrical installer, air

conditioner installer, painting, plumbing, tile setting, carpentry, and excavation.

If you are a developer in the construction industry, you may be familiar with the range of

main standard forms of contract available. Choosing the most suitable form for your project can

be difficult, as there is no one-size-fits-all solution (Bovis, 2016).

When looking for a suitable main standard form of contract for a developer, the NEC3

Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) is an excellent choice. The NEC3 ECC provides

developers with the flexibility to customize the contract based on their individual needs and

preferences. It also provides developers with the assurance that the contract is built to minimize

the risk of conflict between the parties.

The NEC3 ECC features a number of key elements that make it a great choice for

developers. Firstly, it is designed to help eliminate potential disputes by clearly defining the

roles, responsibilities and obligations of each party. It also provides detailed guidance on how

each party should manage change, as well as an effective dispute resolution process.

Additionally, it offers a range of options for selecting payment terms and conditions, enabling

developers to find the most suitable option for their particular project(Chen, Hu, , & Song, 2015).

The NEC3 ECC also allows for the contractor to employ sub-contractors or other third

parties in order to complete the project successfully. This makes it easier for developers to

manage the project efficiently, ensuring that all parties are held accountable for their

performance. Finally, this contract also includes provisions for limiting liability and setting up an

insurance policy. This provides an added layer of protection for both parties, ensuring that any

losses due to negligence or failure to perform are covered(Davison, & Sebastian, 2019).

Overall, the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract is a great choice for

developers looking for a reliable main standard form of contract. Its comprehensive coverage of

legal matters, combined with its flexible nature, makes it the perfect option for developers who

need to minimize risk while maximizing their ability to customize the agreement to their needs.

iii. Suitable tendering strategy

For developers, finding the best deal for a project can be a challenging task. It is

important to select the right tendering strategy to ensure you are able to obtain the most

economically advantageous tender. A competitive tender process is often used by developers to

ensure they get the best price and quality of service(Drew, Tang, & Lo, 2012).

In a competitive tender process, multiple bidders are invited to submit a proposal to

provide goods and services in response to a publicly-published tender invitation. This process

involves carefully evaluating each bidder’s proposal to determine which one offers the best value

for money.

To ensure an efficient and transparent tendering process, developers should set clear

criteria for evaluation. This includes providing a breakdown of the weighting of each criterion so

that all bidders know how they will be assessed. Furthermore, it is essential to develop an

evaluation checklist to identify areas where one bidder may have an advantage over others.

Developers should also use effective communication throughout the entire process. This

includes providing clear instructions on how to submit a bid, responding quickly to any queries

raised by bidders, and providing timely feedback throughout the process.

By following these tips, developers can ensure they are able to get the best deal through a

competitive tendering process. A successful tendering strategy will save time and resources,

allowing developers to focus on delivering their project on time and on budget(Giacchetta, &

Marchetti, 2013).

Once you’ve received bids from prospective contractors, it’s important to evaluate them

carefully. Each bid should be evaluated against a set of criteria that has been agreed upon

beforehand, such as price, timeline, and quality of work. This evaluation should take into account

any additional costs that may arise during the project, such as extra materials or labour.

Once you have chosen a preferred contractor, it’s important to begin negotiations with

them in order to get the best possible terms for your project. During this stage, you should

consider things like the payment schedule, subcontractors, warranty periods, and more. By

negotiating thoroughly and intelligently, you can ensure that both parties are happy with the

agreed-upon terms before signing any contracts(Hitt, 2018)

iv. The mechanism of agreeing price

The first step in agreeing on a price for a developer’s services is to accurately estimate

the time needed to complete the project. To do this, it’s important to define the scope of the

project. What will you be working on and what specific tasks will the developer have to

complete? Once the scope is clearly outlined, it’s time to create a timeline for the project.

When estimating the time needed to complete the project, it's important to factor in any

potential delays that might occur. These can include external factors such as changes in

technology or materials, or internal factors such as conflicting schedules between team members

or other commitments that take up the developer's time. Having an accurate timeline will help

ensure that all parties involved are aware of any possible delays and can plan

accordingly(Kabahinda, & Mwesigwa, 2022).

Finally, it’s important to review and revise the timeline as necessary. As development

progresses, unforeseen issues may arise, or certain tasks may take longer than expected. This

may require adding additional tasks to the timeline and increasing the estimated time needed to

complete the project. It’s important to review the timeline frequently and make necessary

changes in order to keep the project on track and on budget.

Creating a realistic timeline is essential for ensuring that both parties agree on a fair price

for the services provided by the developer. With an accurate timeline in place, everyone can plan

accordingly and focus on delivering the best possible product(Lavarda, & Bellucci, 2022).

When determining the price for a development project, it's important to take into account

the difficulty of the project. If the project is complex and involves more sophisticated coding,

more time and effort may be required, resulting in a higher price tag. Additionally, any

specialized skills required for the project can significantly increase the overall cost. For example,

if a project requires programming in a language or framework that the developer is unfamiliar

with, they may charge extra to cover the learning curve involved in becoming proficient in that

technology(Lemar, 2018).

It's also important to consider the resources needed to complete the project, such as

hosting costs, software licenses, and access to APIs. Depending on the scope of the project, these

costs can add up quickly and should be factored into the total cost of the project.

Finally, always remember to factor in any additional requirements that may arise during

the project, such as unexpected bugs or feature requests. These can often add significant time and

cost to the development process, so it's important to include them in the initial estimate.

By taking into account all these elements, you'll have a better understanding of how much

a development project will cost and will be able to agree on a fair price with your developer.

Table 2: The following is the project requirement

Name of the room Number of rooms Number of accessible rooms

1 Studio 12 4

2 Two-bedroom apartment 15 15

3 3-bedroom apartment 8 8

4 4-bedroom apartments 1 1

5 5-bedroom apartment 15 15

6 6-bedroom apartment 10 10

7 Student hub

8 Gym

9 Dinning

10 Games room

11 Cinema

The relevance of supply chain management

Property developers rely heavily on efficient supply chain management to ensure that all

materials, services, and resources needed to complete projects are in the right place at the right

time. Supply chain management is a critical component of a successful property development

business, as it helps to guarantee the timely completion of projects and keep costs under control.

The first step of effective supply chain management for property developers is the

development of a comprehensive plan for sourcing and procurement. This plan must include a

timeline for obtaining resources, analyzing vendors and service providers, making cost

comparisons, selecting vendors, and tracking performance. This plan should also include

strategies for mitigating risks associated with procurement, such as delays or changes in material

costs(Rendon, 2018).

Once a plan is in place, it's important for property developers to maintain relationships

with vendors and suppliers that can provide the necessary materials in a timely manner.

Establishing solid relationships with reliable vendors and suppliers can help minimize potential

delays, reduce costs, and ensure the highest quality products for each project2.

Developers should also use supply chain management techniques to track inventory

levels and project costs. Keeping accurate records of materials used in each project allows

developers to manage cash flow more effectively, adjust budgets accordingly, and maximize

profits. Additionally, tracking inventory levels allows property developers to adjust resource

needs quickly and cost-effectively if unexpected events occur(Weele, & van Raaij, 2014).

2Bienhaus, F., & Haddud, A. (2018). Procurement 4.0: factors influencing the digitisation of procurement and

supply chains. Business Process Management Journal, 24(4), 965–984. https://doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-06-

2017-0139

Finally, it's essential that property developers take a proactive approach to managing their

supply chain. Developing a close relationship with vendors and service providers is one way to

keep up-to-date on industry trends and anticipate future needs. Doing so can help property

developers remain competitive in an ever-changing market.

In summary, supply chain management plays a key role in the success of property

development businesses. By developing a comprehensive plan for sourcing and procurement,

maintaining relationships with vendors and suppliers, tracking inventory levels and project costs,

and taking a proactive approach to managing the supply chain, property developers can ensure

their projects are completed on time and within budget.

The role of supply chain management has evolved over the years. In the early days,

supply chain management was primarily about managing the flow of goods from the supplier to

the customer. Today, supply chain management is about much more than that. It is now about

managing the entire process of creating and delivering products to customers.Supply chain

management is now seen as a key strategic tool for businesses. It can help companies achieve

their business goals by ensuring that the products they supply are of the highest quality and meet

the needs of their customers. It can also help companies reduce costs and improve

efficiency(Bovis, 2016).

Supply chain management is a key part of the modern business world. It is essential for

companies of all sizes to have a good supply chain management system in place. If you are

looking to improve your business performance, then you should consider investing in a good

supply chain management system.When it comes to the client’s overall business needs and future

projects, they should seriously consider the advantages of a collaborative approach with property

developers. Supply chain management is an essential part of any successful business endeavor,

and developing a strong relationship with property developers can provide many advantages.

Collaborating with property developers can reduce costs associated with property

acquisition and maintenance, as well as improve the speed of the project completion. Property

developers have the expertise to handle all the details involved in these transactions, such as the

negotiations and paperwork, leaving the client free to focus on their core business operations.

The collaboration could also lead to increased efficiency, as the developers can anticipate

potential problems and address them quickly(Bovis, 2016).

Moreover, working with property developers can open up opportunities for new ventures

and collaborations, as they may be able to introduce the client to additional contacts and partners

that could help them further their goals. Property developers can also provide invaluable insight

into the local market and regulations, helping the client better understand their target audience

and develop strategies to reach them.

Overall, engaging with property developers can be an invaluable asset to the client’s

business needs and future projects. By fostering a good relationship, the client can ensure that

their supply chain is managed efficiently and their projects completed on time.

Importance of developing and maintaining relationships

The procurement process is a crucial part of any successful supply chain management

plan. It involves finding suppliers, negotiating contracts, and managing inventory. To ensure the

success of this process, it is important to build strong relationships between the client and

stakeholders.

Building a relationship with stakeholders is essential to effective procurement. It creates

trust, allows for better communication, and helps build long-term relationships. The client should

work to develop a rapport with key stakeholders, as this will lead to more successful negotiations

and a smoother procurement process(Drew, Tang, & Lo, 2012).

Good communication is also important when developing relationships with stakeholders.

This includes regular communication through email, phone, or other methods. The client should

be able to explain their needs clearly and concisely so that the stakeholders can provide the best

possible solutions. It is also important to listen to stakeholders’ ideas and take them into

consideration when miiaking decisions3.

In addition to communication, it is important to develop a strong working relationship

with stakeholders. This includes developing mutual respect and understanding between both

parties. The client should be willing to listen to feedback and incorporate it into their

procurement process. When there is trust between the client and stakeholders, this makes it easier

to negotiate contracts and keep operations running smoothly(Drew, Tang, & Lo, 2012).

Finally, maintaining relationships between the client and stakeholders is vital for long-

term success in the procurement process. The client should always strive to keep their

stakeholders happy by meeting deadlines and delivering quality products. This will help ensure

that the procurement process runs efficiently, without any unexpected problems or delays.

In conclusion, developing and maintaining relationships between the client and

stakeholders in the procurement process is essential for successful supply chain management. It

creates trust, facilitates communication, and helps build long-term relationships. If these

3Maytandi, A., & Abbas, M. H. I. (2020). Does E-Procurement Prevent Corrupt Activity in Public Procurement

Process? Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB), 8(2), 143–153.

https://doi.org/10.21009/jpeb.008.2.6

relationships are nurtured properly, the supply chain management process can be more efficient

and successful.

Property development projects can involve a range of risks, such as financial,

environmental, and legal issues. In order to minimize these risks and ensure the success of the

project, it is essential that all potential issues are properly addressed and managed. Supply chain

management can play an important role in mitigating significant issues on property development

projects(Rendon, 2018).

The primary challenge in supply chain management is balancing the need for cost savings

with meeting customer demands and needs. In property development projects, this means

determining the most cost-effective suppliers of materials and services while still adhering to

safety regulations, zoning laws, and other requirements. A thorough analysis of the project scope

and associated costs can help identify the best vendors to provide the necessary materials and

services.

Another key issue for property development projects is the efficient use of resources.

Proper planning and scheduling of tasks is critical in order to optimize labor and materials costs.

Supply chain management strategies can be used to analyze supplier performance and identify

areas where efficiencies can be achieved. This will help ensure that the project is completed on

time and within budget.

Finally, supply chain management can help ensure that the project meets all regulatory

requirements. A rigorous process should be put in place to ensure that suppliers comply with

environmental regulations, safety standards, zoning laws, and any other relevant requirements.

This can help minimize the risk of costly delays or unexpected expenses(Chen, Hu, , & Song,

2015).

By effectively managing the supply chain for a property development project, significant

issues can be mitigated and the success of the project ensured. By taking a holistic approach to

managing the project’s suppliers and resources, property developers can ensure that their projects

are completed on time and within budget while meeting all applicable regulations.

When it comes to successful property development projects, supply chain management is

an important factor. It can help developers ensure that all aspects of the project are being

managed efficiently, from sourcing materials and construction labor to disposing of waste in a

sustainable manner(Antoun, Kassem, Harb, & Baena, 2019).

Effective supply chain management can help developers maintain an efficient production

process, maximize resources, and adhere to budget goals. It also helps ensure that construction

timelines are met and that quality standards are maintained. In addition, it can help reduce the

risk of unexpected problems or delays that may arise throughout the project.

In order to maximize the success of a property development project, it’s important to

partner with reliable suppliers and subcontractors who have a proven track record of delivering

quality products and services on time and on budget. Working with experienced and reliable

partners will help ensure that each stage of the project runs smoothly and efficiently.

Conclusion

The procurement process is an important part of any organization’s operations.

Purchasing decisions can have a significant impact on the bottom line, and procurement

professionals are responsible for ensuring that the right purchases are made.

The procurement process can be divided into four stages: pre-proposal, proposal,

negotiation, and award. During each stage, different factors should be considered in order to

make the best purchase decision. In the pre-proposal stage, procurement professionals should

gather information about the needs of the organization. This information can be gathered through

market research, customer surveys, or interviews with employees. Once the necessary

information has been gathered, a proposal can be prepared. In the proposal stage, the

procurement professionals should present their proposal to the decision-makers. The proposal

should include information about the product or service that will be purchased, the price, and the

delivery date.

Inclusion, the development projects are very complex expensive and sensitive endeavor.

However, for this 205-bedroom building, this could be made easier with proper planning and due

diligence. The first step is to list the clients’ requirements and the budget. From there, the other

steps because a little bit easier. The building will have areas where the student will able to

socialize through eating together, playing games and watching movies. There is another project

that is likely to take place after this one subject to success of the current project.

The importance of maintaining a good relationship between the client and all the

stakeholders cannot be stressed enough. It avoids delays in the project.

References

Alhola, K., & Nissinen, A. (2018). Integrating cleantech into innovative public procurement

process – evidence and success factors. Journal of Public Procurement, 18(4), 336–354.

https://doi.org/10.1108/jopp-11-2018-020

Antoun, R. A., Kassem, A., Harb, A., & Baena, C. (2019). Empirical classification and effect of

procurement process on organisational performance outcomes. International Journal of

Procurement Management, 12(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpm.2019.10018000

Bienhaus, F., & Haddud, A. (2018). Procurement 4.0: factors influencing the digitisation of

procurement and supply chains. Business Process Management Journal, 24(4), 965–984.

https://doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-06-2017-0139

Bovis, C. (2016). The Competitive Dialogue as a Procurement Process of Public Private

Partnerships. European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, 1(1), 5.

https://doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2006/1/69

Giacchetta, G., & Marchetti, B. (2013). Supplier Satisfaction Survey as a management tool for

reengineering the procurement process. International Journal of Procurement

Management, 6(2), 170. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpm.2013.052468

Lemar, M. (2018). Providing Transparency & Streamline the Procurement Process through the e-

Procurement Management System. Joho Chishiki Gakkaishi, 28(2), 208–213.

https://doi.org/10.2964/jsik_2018_021

Maytandi, A., & Abbas, M. H. I. (2020). Does E-Procurement Prevent Corrupt Activity in Public

Procurement Process? Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB), 8(2), 143–153.

https://doi.org/10.21009/jpeb.008.2.6

Rendon, R. G. (2018). Procurement process maturity: key to performance measurement. Journal

of Public Procurement, 8(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/jopp-08-02-2008-b003

Chen, J., Hu, Q., & Song, J. (2015). Contract Types and Supplier Incentives for Quality

Improvement. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2608772

Davison, B., & Sebastian, R. J. (2019). AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION PROBLEMS FOR CONTRACT TYPES. Journal of

Management Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v1i2.44

Drew, D. S., Tang, S. L. Y., & Lo, H. P. (2012). Developing a tendering strategy in two-

envelope fee tendering based on technical score-fee variability. Construction

Management and Economics, 20(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190110096918

Hitt, M. A. (2018). RELEVANCE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT THEORY AND

RESEARCH FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT. Journal of Supply Chain

Management, 47(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493x.2010.03210.x

Kabahinda, E., & Mwesigwa, R. (2022). Trust Mediates the Relationship Between Stakeholder

Behavior and Stakeholder Management of Public Private Partnership Projects. Public

Organization Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00594-6

Lavarda, R., & Bellucci, C. (2022). Case Study as a Suitable Method to Research Strategy as

Practice Perspective. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-

3715/2022.4296

van Weele, A. J., & van Raaij, E. M. (2014). The Future of Purchasing and Supply Management

Research: About Relevance and Rigor. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(1), 56–

72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12042

Image sources

Figure -1

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdining.nd.edu%2Fwhats-

happening%2Fnews%2Frenovated-north-dining-hall-

reopens%2F&psig=AOvVaw16zwVBrjuYSqXZn55mTWJM&ust=1670868723854000&source

=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjhxqFwoTCNC_z7-V8vsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE)

Figure-2

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.luc.edu%2Fdamenstudentcenter

%2Fspace%2Fdamencinema%2F&psig=AOvVaw1-

nmib731NLJZe5p_kSeLf&ust=1670868664524000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjhxq

FwoTCMDwzKSV8vsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD)

Appendices

Appindex-1

The high cross shopping center

Appindex-2

A modern 8 storey building

Glossary

Bid: Bids are price offers for products and services typically seen during auctions. For

purchasing goods or services, competitive bidding seeks the best price, quality, and terms.

Bill of lading: Transport carriers issue bills of lading, or ship waybills, as maritime trade

documents. Received goods are confirmed by this document.

Bill of materials (BOM): It is a detailed list of all the raw materials, components, and assembly

parts that are needed to develop a product, and it is also known as a bill of materials (BOM).

Breach of contract: If one party fails to comply with a part of a valid agreement, then that party

commits a breach of contract. In such a case, the contract may be breached in part or in full.

There is a need to apply compensation clauses in this situation

Catalog: With the use of this method, you can reduce time, effort, costs, and "maverick buying"

(uncontrolled procurement without the approval of the purchasing department. Larger companies

tend to use their own catalogs, which are listed on their buying sides).

Competitive bidding: A lot of companies are evaluating the best or cheapest suppliers for their

lots by means of electronic tenders, through which they conduct the search.

i The procurement process can be a complex and time-consuming process. Developers need to be very familiar with

the procurement process in order to get the best deal for their project.

There are a few things that developers need to know about the procurement process:

-The procurement process can involve a number of different organizations. Developers need to be familiar with the

different processes and procedures that each organization uses.

-The procurement process can take a long time. Developers need to be patient and wait for the right opportunity to

come along.

- Developers need to be familiar with the different types of procurement processes. There are four main types of

procurement processes: open, closed, hybrid, and exclusive. Developers need to be familiar with the different types

of contracts that each type of procurement process uses.

- Developers need to be familiar with the different stages of the procurement process. The procurement process can involve four stages: pre-qualification, negotiation, award, and performance. Developers need to be ii