Persuasive Essay - 6 pages

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Howard 1

Jennifer Howard

Professor Nelson

English 1301 Composition I

3 March 2021

Progress Report

Wallsten, Kevin et al. "Prejudice or Principled Conservatism? Racial Resentment and White Opinion Toward Paying College Athletes". Political Research Quarterly, vol 70, no. 1, 2017, pp. 209-222. SAGE Publications, doi:10.1177/1065912916685186. Accessed 3 Mar 2021.

The article by Wallsten, Nteta, McCarthy, and Tarsi (2017) acknowledges the role of racial resentment in studies that focus on race, ethnicity, and politics. Through their research, they attempt to address the role of racial resentment in the shaping of opinions shared by the majority race. The study primarily focuses on policies such as “pay for play” which does not require federal or government relocation of resources. By focusing on college athletes, they employ cross-sectional and tentative data from two main sources. First is the 2014 cooperative Congressional Election Study and the Mechanical Turk from Amazon. The sources were instrumental in the identification of racial resentment when expressing views and prepositions in the paying of college athletes. The data collected by the researchers also identified that white was racially resentful over the concept of paying African American athletes compared to white athletes. The researcher’s approach to the issue resulted in various hypotheses that focused on measuring the relationship between racial resentment and the antiblack effect. They exploited online resources and conducted a survey involving 55,000 participants from over 40 colleges and universities in the country. The independent variable was the measure of racial resentment whereas the dependent variables included financial compensation. The results supported the thesis developed by the researchers identifying that racial antipathy affected white opinion of NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) compensation policies.

Marsters, Caleb, and Jemaima Tiatia-Seath. “Young Pacific Male Athletes’ Experiences of

Mental Wellbeing in Elite Rugby Union and Rugby League.” Pacific Youth: Local and Global Futures, edited by HELEN LEE, ANU Press, Australia, 2019, pp. 247–272. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvt6rj8x.13. Accessed 4 Mar. 2021.

The authors Marsters and Tiatia-Seath address the increasing mental health issues among young Pacific athletes. The researchers recognized the recent media attention to the suicides in New Zealand and Australia. According to the data presented, pacific people account for over 7% of the total population in New Zealand. Of the population, approximately 55% are under the age of 25 years. Additionally, Pacific people account for most players in elite rugby clubs. Nevertheless, secondary data used in setting the parameters of the study demonstrated that mental wellness was a serious issue affecting the athletes, however, the data was inconclusive on the rate of mental illness due to the scarcity of quality research. The researchers developed a qualitative study that focused on exploring the experiences and acuity of positive mental health in the profession. The researchers exploited a semi-structured interview that fixated on specific questions. The open-ended questions allowed for the data collected to be diverse thus offering a more in-depth understanding of the issue. It involved 20 young Pacific males aged between 16 and 24 years. The interviews lasted between 45 and 90 minutes with responses recorded as audio files. The study concluded that the participants as well as members of rugby unions view mental health as an agglomerate of various factors. If one factor is impacted, it affects an individual’s concept of mental wellness.

Steven Brint, and Charles T. Clotfelter. “U.S. Higher Education Effectiveness.” RSF: The

Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, 2016, pp. 2–37. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2016.2.1.01. Accessed 4 Mar. 2021.

The article by Brint and Clotfelter (2016), on the other hand, assesses the effectiveness of higher education in the US. According to the authors, the term effectiveness is not prominently used in learning resulting in the need for scholars to evaluate how colleges and universities operate. The lack of information on the notion also prompts researchers to address the various forces in high education that influence change. The research topic is a critical issue as it plays a central role in the development of American society. Moreover, the notion of effectiveness is affected by the expectations of society thus forming the core parameters of the study. A historic evaluation of higher education is imposed with the researchers addressing the topic from a system level. They acknowledge the great expansion of higher education in the US after the Second World War. The objective of then policymakers was to focus on the capacity and skills students needed when they became professionals. The researchers further identify that with the current expanded higher education system, contemporary policymakers want to assess if the opportunities are impartially distributed and accessible. Based on the assessment, it is evident that the researchers want to evaluate the effectiveness of higher education by measuring its societal expectations.

Survey Analysis

Based on the data collected from the survey, more than 90% of participants surveyed are for paying college athletes. Unfortunately, it is evident that higher education institutions have preset expectations by society. Among them is the efficacy of the educational and athletics aspects of the institutions. However, the policies that regulate academic and athletic performance are influenced by society’s perception of racial resentment. According to the data collected by Wallsten, Nteta, McCarthy, and Tarsi (2017) race play a critical role in determining policies in higher education. When addressing minority races, it is essential to note that racial discrimination plays an influential role (Wallsten et al. 211). The implications of discrimination on athletes can significantly impact their effectiveness thus affecting overall performance. Additionally, it has the potential of affecting mental wellness, the notion has supported the research conducted by Marsters and Tiatia-Seath (Lee 244). The data collected by the researchers contributed to the conclusion that mental wellness is affected by various factors and in the case of minority athletes, discrimination.

The data and information collected from the survey can be implemented in the research on paying college athletes. Among the first incorporation, strategies would be the modification of policies in higher educational institutions to equally consider athletes from the majority and minority races. By offering equal opportunities it ensures that higher educational institutions attain societal approval and efficacy in resource allocation among athletes. The potential of the approach is a reduced probability of mental disorders such as depression. Additionally, the data can be implemented on colleges and universities to offer more paid positions for athletes to bolster the efficacy of the learning institutions in helping students become professionals. Finally, by evaluating society’s perception of effectiveness, it can allow colleges and universities better handle their athletes by imposing attainable objectives promoting self-confidence.

Works Cited

Brint, Steven, and Charles T. Clotfelter. "U.S. Higher Education Effectiveness". RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of The Social Sciences, vol 2, no. 1, 2016, p. 2. Russell Sage Foundation, doi:10.7758/rsf.2016.2.1.01. Accessed 3 Mar 2021.

Marsters, Caleb, and Jemaima Tiatia-Seath. “Young Pacific Male Athletes’ Experiences of