i want to paraphrase these answers i want it asap

4. Steps for recrystallization

1) Dissolving the solute in the solvent

-Add a small portion of boiling solvent to the beaker that contains the impure sample and a boiling chip.

-Heat the beaker containing the solute and continue adding boiling solvent incrementally until all of the solute has been dissolved.  If additional solvent can be added with no appreciable change in the amount of solute present, the particulate matter is probably insoluble impurities.

2) Formation of crystals

- First, the solution should be cooled in an ice bath. Slow cooling of the solution leads to slow formation of crystals and the slower crystals form, the more pure they are. Rate of crystallization slows as temperature decreases so cooling with an ice bath should only be used until crystals begin to form; after they do, the solution should be allowed to warm to room temperature so crystal formation occurs more slowly.

- If no crystals form even after the solution has been cooled in an ice bath, take a fire polished stirring rod and etch (scratch) the glass of your beaker. The small pieces of glass that are etched off of the beaker serve as nuclei for crystal formation. If crystals still do not form, take a small amount of your solution and spread it on a watch glass. After the solvent evaporates, the crystals that are left behind can serve as seeds for further crystallization. Both these methods of nucleation (i.e. etching and seed crystals) cause very rapid crystallization, which can lead to the formation of impure crystals.

3) Filtration and Drying the Crystals

- When the crystals have been dried as much as possible in the Buchner funnel, use a scoopula to remove them to a beaker or crystallizing dish.  This will ensure that the crystals are not contaminated by filter paper fibers as they dry.

- After removing all the crystals from the filter paper, remove the filter paper and scrape any remaining crystals from the funnel.

4. Steps for Measuring Melting Point

1 Sample Preparation

· Firstly, you must ensure that the sample is fully dry and in powdered form. Then with your capillary tube, use the open end of the tube to press down gently on the sample several times.

· You then need to get the powder all the way to the bottom of the capillary tube by tapping the closed end multiple times on a hard surface so that the sample is compacted down at the closed end of the tube (you could also use a method where you drop the tube multiple times through a glass tube approx. 1m in length).

· For further accuracy, you can use a packing wire to further compact the sample. Note that the sample height should be between 2 and 3mm to ensure best results.

2. Melting Point Tips

- Never re-melt a sample! Always use a fresh sample and a new capillary tube.

- Always use the same batch of capillary tubes for routine measurements. Not all capillary tubes are equal and using the same batch will ensure repeatable results.

- Always clean the tube before running the melting point experiment. Failure to do so can result in a low melting point or a wide melting range.

- Don’t heat the sample too fast. It is recommended only 1-2°C per minute.