ANTHROPOLOGY Los Angeles Zoo Visit or Online Los Angeles Zoo Research
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primatetaxonomypt.2.ppt
Lemurs and lorises are the most “primitive”, or close to earlier mammalian ancestors. They rely on olfaction, as evidenced by moist, fleshy pad, or rhinarium.
Lemurs and Lorises (sub-order, strepsirhini)
Primates
Strepsirhini Haplorhini
(all lemurs and lorises)
Rhinarium
Moist, hairless pad at the end of the nose seen in most mammalian species. Enhances an animal's ability to smell.
Has Rhinarium
No Rhinarium
No Rhinarium
- Lemurs are found only on the island of Madagascar and adjacent islands off the east coast of Africa
- Size ranges from 5” to 2-3’
- Nocturnal or diurnal
- Arboreal or terrestrial
- Quadrupeds, leapers, climbers, and clingers
- Groups of 25 to solitary living
- Lemurs have nails like all primates and a “dental comb.”
Lemurs
Ring-tail lemur tooth comb
The Vestigial Tail in Humans
External Vestigial Tail
Vermicular Appendix
Rhinarium
Moist, hairless pad at the end of the nose seen in most mammalian species. Enhances an animal's ability to smell.
Has Rhinarium
No Rhinarium
No Rhinarium
Chimpanzee
Rhinarium
Moist, hairless pad at the end of the nose seen in most mammalian species. Enhances an animal's ability to smell.
Has Rhinarium
No Rhinarium
No Rhinarium
Lemurs
The ring-tailed lemur Lemur catta is a large strepsirhini primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail…
Lorisiformes (Lories)
- Survived in mainland areas by adopting a nocturnal activity pattern at a time when other prosimians became extinct.
- Eight species all found in tropical forest and woodlands of India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia and Africa.
- Also included in this category are at least 10 species of galago distributed through the forested and woodland savanna of Africa.
Lorises are found on the tropical forest of India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, and Africa. They are nocturnal and quadrupedal.
A slow loris of Malaysia
Galago, or “bush baby.”
Lorises
Dental Comb
- Formed by forward-projecting incisors and canines.
- Found in lemurs and lorises.
- Used in both grooming and feeding.
- Have the most primitive dental formulae.
Tarsiers (suborder: haplorhini)
Tarsiers are nocturnal insectivores, leapers, clingers, and climbers that are well-adapted to their environments.
- Five recognized species all restricted to island areas in Southeast Asia.
- Enormous eyes
- Can rotate their heads 180 degrees
- Recent studies show that they are more closely related to monkeys and ape than lemurs and Lorises
Anthropoids (Monkeys, apes and humans)
- Larger brain and body size
- Reduced reliance on the sense of smell
- Increased reliance on vision
- Greater degree of color vision
- Bony plate at the back of the eye socket
- Fused mandible
- Longer gestation and maturation periods
- Generalized dentition
- Increased parental care
- More mutual grooming
Primates
Strepsirhini Haplorhini
Anthropoidea Tarsiiformes
- Monkeys
- Apes
- Humans
(all lemurs and lorises)
Although there is much variation among anthropoids, they share certain features that, when taken together, distinguish them as a group from lemurs and lorises.
Retention of the metopic suture on right; which occurs in 10 % of the Asian population (much more than other populations).
Grooming for lice can be a pleasant social activity
