RES4
hisqueen0102
PrimaryTaskResponse-1.docxIt is frequently presumed that as individuals get older, they become more politically conservative. A political science student wants to verify this postulate. Using secondary data, the student ran a Chi-Square analysis of the age group (18–35, 36–55, 56–80) and self-described political affiliation (liberal, moderate, or conservative). The results of his analysis are provided in the tables below, but the student is having difficultly explaining the results.
· Describe the overall findings of the Chi-Square in the output, including the cell contributions, based upon the standardized residuals.
· What conclusions can the student make concerning this postulate?
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Case Processing Summary |
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Cases |
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Valid |
Missing |
Total |
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|
N |
Percent |
N |
Percent |
N |
Percent |
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Political leanings * Age category |
60 |
100.0% |
0 |
0.0% |
60 |
100.0% |
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Political leanings * Age category Crosstabulation |
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Age category |
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young adult |
middle aged |
older adult |
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Political leanings |
conservative |
Count |
4 |
3 |
11 |
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|
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Expected Count |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
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Standardized Residual |
-.8 |
-1.2 |
2.0 |
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moderate |
Count |
4 |
9 |
5 |
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Expected Count |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
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Standardized Residual |
-.8 |
1.2 |
-.4 |
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|
liberal |
Count |
12 |
8 |
4 |
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Expected Count |
8.0 |
8.0 |
8.0 |
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Standardized Residual |
1.4 |
.0 |
-1.4 |
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Total |
Count |
20 |
20 |
20 |
|
|
|
Expected Count |
20.0 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
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Chi-Square Tests |
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|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
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Pearson Chi-Square |
12.667a |
4 |
.013 |
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Likelihood Ratio |
12.350 |
4 |
.015 |
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Linear-by-Linear Association |
8.016 |
1 |
.005 |
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N of Valid Cases |
60 |
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a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.00. |
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Directional Measures |
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Value |
Asymptotic Standard Errora |
Approximate Tb |
Approximate Significance |
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Nominal by Nominal |
Lambda |
Symmetric |
.263 |
.116 |
2.070 |
.038 |
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Political leanings Dependent |
.222 |
.139 |
1.438 |
.150 |
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Age category Dependent |
.300 |
.111 |
2.372 |
.018 |
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Goodman and Kruskal tau |
Political leanings Dependent |
.106 |
.059 |
|
.014c |
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Age category Dependent |
.106 |
.059 |
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.014c |
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a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. |
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b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. |
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c. Based on chi-square approximation |
