Ethics in Macro-Level Practice

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Chapter 12

Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas in Practice with Organizations and Communities

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Young Adulthood

NASW Code of Ethics (slide 1 of 12)

Ethics consist of a set of principles that guide professional behavior

Social workers are expected to abide by the NASW Code of Ethics, regardless of whether or not they are members of NASW

The NASW Code of Ethics can be accessed online at http://www.naswdc.org/pubs/code/default.asp

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Professional Values and Ethics in Macro Contexts: Ethical guidelines in six areas:

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to Clients

1.01 Commitment to Clients

1.02 Self-Determination

1.03 Informed Consent

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 2 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to Clients (continued)

1.04 Competence

1.05 Cultural Competence and Social Diversity [Ethical Boundaries and Spirituality]

1.06 Conflicts of Interest

1.07 Privacy and Confidentiality

1.08 Access to Records

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 3 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to Clients (continued)

1.09 Sexual Relationships

1.10 Physical Contact

1.11 Sexual Harassment

1.12 Derogatory Language

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 4 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to Clients (continued)

1.13 Payment for Services

1.14 Clients Who Lack Decision-Making Capacity

1.15 Interruption of Services

1.16 Termination of Services

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 5 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to Colleagues

2.01 Respect

2.02 Confidentiality (among colleagues)

2.03 Interdisciplinary Collaboration

2.04 Disputes Involving Colleagues

2.05 Consultation

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 6 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to Colleagues (continued)

2.06 Referral for Services

2.07 Sexual Relationships

2.08 Sexual Harassment

2.09 Impairment of Colleagues

2.10 Unethical Conduct of Colleagues

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 7 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities in Practice Settings

3.01 Supervision and Consultation

3.02 Education and Training

3.03 Performance Evaluation

3.04 Client Records

3.05 Billing

3.06 Client Transfer

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 8 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities in Practice Settings (continued)

3.07 Administration

3.08 Continuing Education and Staff Development

3.09 Commitment to Employers

3.10 Labor-Management Disputes

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 9 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities as Professionals

4.01 Competence

4.02 Discrimination [Combating your own stereotypes and prejudices]

4.03 Private Conduct

4.04 Dishonesty, Fraud, and Deception

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 10 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities as Professionals (continued)

4.05 Impairment

4.06 Misrepresentation

4.07 Solicitations

4.08 Acknowledging Credit

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 11 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibility to the Social Work Profession

5.01 Integrity of the Profession

5.02 Evaluation and Research

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The NASW Code of Ethics (slide 12 of 12)

Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities to the Broader Society

6.01 Social Welfare

6.02 Public Participation

6.03 Public Emergencies

6.04 Social and Political Action

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Personal Stereotypes and Prejudices

Steps in beginning to deal with one’s own prejudices:

Acknowledge that differences exist between you and anyone you interact with who might belong to a group with characteristics different from your own

Identify how you treat this person differently

Change your behavior, bringing it more in line with how you interact/behave with nondifferent people

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Dealing with personal prejudices, continued:

Monitor your progress in combating your stereotypes and prejudices

Maintain a perspective that appreciates and respects both individual and cultural differences

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Ethical Boundaries and Spirituality

Religion and spirituality reflect additional aspects of human diversity

Social workers need a greater awareness of spiritual and religious issues for a number of reasons

Community tragedies may raise spiritual questions

In times of stress, an individual’s spirituality may be a source of strength

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International Social Work Ethical Principles

The International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) developed the Ethics in Social Work, Statement of Principles, in 2012

Two Primary and Related Principles of the Statement:

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International Ethical Principles

Human Rights

Social Justice

What Can You Do?

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Manage Personal Values and Use Professional Values to Guide Practice

Types of Ethical Issues Confronting Agency Practitioners

Ethical Absolutism versus Ethical Relativism

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Facing an Ethical Dilemma: Decision-Making Steps (slide 1 of 2)

Step 1: Recognize the Problem

Step 2: Investigate the Variables Involved

Step 3: Get Feedback from Others

Step 4: Appraise the Values That Apply to the Dilemma

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Facing an Ethical Dilemma: Decision-Making Steps (slide 2 of 2)

Step 5: Evaluate the Dilemma

Step 6: Identify and Think about Possible Alternatives

Step 7: Weigh the Pros and Cons of Each Alternative

Step 8: Make Your Decision

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Figure 12.1

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Ranking Ethical Principles

Reamer’s 2006 Guide to Ethical Decision Making (One example)

Rules about Basic Survival Supersede Rules Governing Lesser Actions

One Person’s Right to Well-Being Supersedes Another Person’s Right to Self-Determination

One Person’s Right to Self-Determination Supersedes That Same Person’s Right to Well-Being

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Reamer’s Guide to Ethical Decision Making (continued)

4. Obeying Rules You Have Agreed to Support Supersedes the Right to Freely Break These Rules

5. People’s Right to Well-Being Supersedes Adherence to Rules You Have Agreed to Support

6. Preventing Harm and Fulfilling Basic Needs Supersedes Withholding Your Own Property

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Dolgoff, Loewenberg, and Harrington’s “Ethical Principles Screen” (slide 1 of 2)

Principle 1: People Have the Right to Exist with Their Basic Needs Met (Life)

Principle 2: People Have the Right to Treatment That Is Fair and Equal (Equality)

Principle 3: People Have the Right to Have Free Choice and Freedom (Autonomy)

Principle 4: People Have the Right to Injury That Is Minimal or Nonexistent (Least Harm)

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Dolgoff, Loewenberg, and Harrington’s “Ethical Principles Screen” (slide 2 of 2)

Principle 5: People Have the Right to Cultivate a Good Quality of Life (Quality of Life)

Principle 6: People Have the Right to Secure Their Privacy and Confidentiality (Privacy)

Principle 7: People Have the Right to Understand the Truth and Receive Available Information (Truthfulness)

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Figure 12.2

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Ethical Dilemmas in Macro Contexts (slide 1 of 3)

Distribution of Limited Resources

Community Support (or the Lack Thereof) for Service Provision

Relationships with Colleagues

Whistle-Blowing

Engage in decision-making process prior to whistle blowing

Engaging in Sexual Activities with Clients

Neglecting Child Maltreatment

Incompetence Due to Personal Problems

Negative Responsibility

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Ethical Dilemmas in Macro Contexts (slide 2 of 3)

Conforming to Agency Policy

Agency Policy and Ethics in a Multicultural Context

Breaching Confidentiality in a Macro Context

Communication with Other Professionals

Administrative Recordkeeping

Insurance Company Requirements

Police Concerns

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Ethical Dilemmas in Macro Contexts (slide 3 of 3)

Co-optation versus Cooperation

Conflict of Interest

Potential Harm to Participants

Stigmatization Tactics

Furthering Ethical Practice in Agency Settings

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