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Creating Environments for Learning Third Edition Julie Bullard

Book Cover will be inserted here.

Chapter 10

Developing Literacy Centers

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Early literacy skills lay the foundation for current and later success in oral and written language.

Did you know?

Literacy skills at the end of the preschool years are predictive of later reading and academic success (Farran, Aydogan, Kang, & Lipsey, 2006; Scarborough, 2009).

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Oral language development

Around 18 months, children learn their first 50 words (Berger, 2009).

After learning approximately 50 words, children go through a naming explosion gaining 50-100 new words per month (Berger, 2009).

By 60 months most children understand between 5,000 and 20,000 words and have an average sentence length of six or more words (CDC, 2007).

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Stages of writing

Random scribbles

Controlled scribbles (linear scribbles used to represent print)

Letter-like forms (mock letters with letter-like forms)

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Stages of writing

Letter and symbol relationship (begin to write their name and other words within their environment)

Invented spelling (write their own words spelling them phonetically for example wuz for was)

Standard spelling (conventional spelling)

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

The literacy center enhances children’s:

writing skills

oral language

listening skills

print awareness (organization of print, print carries meaning)

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

The literacy center enhances children’s:

phonological awareness (sounds of speech)

alphabet principle and phonemic awareness (relationship between letters and sound)

positive attitude toward reading and writing

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

The literacy center can also assist children to:

increase knowledge in all curriculum areas

learn about new worlds, both real and imaginary

cope more effectively with difficulties

improve social interactions

be entertained and experience enjoyment

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

The effective literacy center contains:

a reading area

a writing area

a listening area

literacy manipulatives

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

An effective reading center is:

in a quiet, clearly defined, separated, well-lit area of the room

large enough to accommodate five to six children

comfortable and aesthetic

enticing (for example, contains book related displays)

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

An effective reading center is:

engaging (opportunities for active reading through such things as flannel boards or puppets)

well stocked with quality books

responsive to the needs and interests of the children

representative of a variety of cultures

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Well stocked with quality books

The effective literacy center contains 5-8 books for each child in the classroom (Morrow, 2012)

There is a display of books with their covers showing

Additional books are categorized in baskets or on shelves

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Did you know?

Every year more than 20,000 children’s books are published (Bogart & Blixrud, 2011). Since we can expose children to so few of these books we want to choose the highest quality literature we can locate.

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Criteria for high quality books

Interesting and enjoyable to children and to you as an adult

Developmentally appropriate for the audience, considering the

topic

length

amount of text on each page

print style and print size

The location of print should help children to understand that reading in English proceeds from left to right and top to bottom

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Criteria for high quality books

Literary value

credible, consistent, realistic characters

descriptive, “rich” language

interesting, engaging, well-developed plot

Quality illustrations and photographs

award winning art work

well integrated with the text

demonstrates attention to detail

mood in artwork complements story

allows the child to “tell” the story from the pictures

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Criteria for high quality books

Free from stereotypes

authentically portrays diversity

does not promote stereotypical views of gender, culture, or families

Quality binding and paper that will last through many readings

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Did you know?

To prevent bias by omission, books need to be representative of the children in the classroom as well as expose children to those not present in the classroom, including those from cultures different than their own and those with disabilities.

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Critique this reading area.

In addition to the rocking chair, a comfortable futon is available for the children to sit on while reading.

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Literacy manipulatives:

may be located in the literacy center or other classroom centers such as the manipulative center
literacy manipulatives include

oral skills materials

alphabetic awareness materials

phonemic awareness materials

materials to enhance the knowledge of words

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

An effective writing center includes:

a table and chairs, including an author’s chair

an assortment of materials to write with

a variety of materials to write on including different types of paper, books or journals, transitory surfaces, and computers

book making supplies

alphabet strips and sample words

planned special activities such as creating big books

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

This aesthetic journal center encourages children to write.

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

An effective listening center includes:

a variety of recorded stories, activities, finger plays, music, and listening games

ways children can record their own stories

comfortable seating

materials to encourage active listening (for example, children might act out the recorded story using puppets)

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Critique this listening center

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Teachers facilitate literacy through:

providing opportunities for children to gain background knowledge

expanding children’s language

intentionally using rich language and new vocabulary words

asking appropriate, open-ended questions

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Teachers facilitate literacy through:

modeling active listening

supporting peer interactions and discussions

reading to children

developing interest in books

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Teachers facilitate literacy through:

converting oral language to text

modeling the use of reading, writing, and storytelling props

offering individual and group instruction for reading and writing

meeting the needs of all learners

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

In supporting children who are learning English as a second language:

teachers need to view the second language as additive, rather than in a negative light.

teachers need to continue to support the first language while teaching the child the second.

Did you know?

When children first begin to learn a new language they often will understand up to 500 words and respond nonverbally before beginning to speak the new language (Reed & Railsback, 2003).

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

According to research, children who live in low socio-economic households begin kindergarten:

with lower vocabularies

with fewer literacy skills such as recognizing the alphabet

with poorer background knowledge (neuman, 2006)

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Did you know?

Often children do not catch up. One classic study revealed that if a child is a poor reader at the end of first grade there is an 88% chance they will still be a poor reader at the end of grade four. Therefore, it is crucial to provide rich literacy experiences in early childhood settings (Juel, 1988).

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Literacy centers for infants and toddlers:

are rich with books, pictures, language, and experiences

ensure books are within children’s reach

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Literacy centers for infants and toddlers:

contain quality books

relevant to the children

wordless or with few words

realistic illustrations

small enough for little hands

durable enough for rough exploration

contain some personalized books (such as a small photo album with pictures of the child’s family members and pets)

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Caregivers of infants and toddlers need to:

talk to children throughout the day including during routine caregiving

read books to children

sing songs with children

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Caregivers of infants and toddlers need to:

engage in conversational give and take

respond to all children’s efforts to communicate

expand and extend speech as children begin to use words

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

Literacy can also be enhanced in the playground

Place reading and writing materials in outdoor centers

Label areas with signs

Take advantage of outdoor events as a catalyst for new vocabulary and to encourage children’s oral language

Add an outdoor reading area

Creating Environments for Learning: Birth to Age Eight, 3e Bullard

In the literacy center, teachers can introduce the magic of books, share the power of language, and lay the foundation for future success.