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CCHEA DISCUSSION 1
Armour Square/ Chinatown is in the southern part of Chicago, Community area 34, bounded by Bridgeport on the West, Pilsen on the near South on the North, Bronzeville on the East and Pershing road and Fuller park on the North. It is bounded on the north by 18th street, Pershing road on the south, Union Pacific railroad trackm on the south and Dan Ryan (I-94) on the west. The Chicago river bound the northwest.
The neighborhoods in this community area are chinatown, Armour square, and Wentworth gardens (CHA). The zip code overlay are parts of 60609 and 60616. Chicago Public schools and charter schools serve this community area. The community area has majority Asians in the north part (Chinatown), Majority residents in the middle Hispanics and African Americans are majority residents in the southern region.
The main roads that run through the CA are S. Archer, W Cermak Road, and S. Wentworth Ave. There are many grocery shops, restaurants, and businesses along these roads. The Red Sox ball park is situated in this CA from 34th to 35th street.
Transit stations: Dan Ryan branch of the I-94, Redline stops at Cermak Chinatown and Sox 35th. Metra on Rock Island line via the 35th street.
The wards in this CA is 3, 11, and 25.
Historically, Armour Square was from the beginning a working-class area. Germans, Irish arrived after the civil war, the swedes join later. As their socioeconomic status improved, they will move from here to other neighborhoods. The Chicago fire in 1871 affected the area greatly in the way the buildings in the central city area are built, which required that the buildings were made of bricks or stones. The resulting cost drove families into the CA.
IN 1899 the Italians immigrants arrived and they were instrumental in the construction of White Sox ball park between 34th and 35th street. The ball park was constructed by Charles Comiskey in 1909.
The Chinese in 1912 began mass migration to this neighborhood from the edge of the loop. They were racially discriminated against and they had to do business through a third party to acquire properties. Chinatown eventually became a major tourist attraction.
After the world war 1 African Americans moved to the southern section of this CA and their number increase significantly after the Chicago housing authority built Wentworth gardens and public housing complexes. Wide spread demolition of buildings in this area for the construction of Dan Ryan led to decline in the population in the neighborhood
http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/71.ttml
http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/319.html
Physical Environment
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Discussion 2
The conditions that we live in has a great impact on our lives. Our accessibility to parks, good housing, schools, healthcare facilities and large grocery shops has a correlation to our health. Armour Square/China town has crowded 5.5% compared to Chicago 3.7% with severe cost burden of 40.6% compare to 35% in Chicago. Armour Square has a higher density urban and suburban, large households and high foreclosure. Vacant housing has negative impact in health determinant in that it allows for squatters with concomitant risk of risk in drug usage and increases in crime rate. The homes have no utilities. About 1% of the housing stock is suburban post-war type and lower cost stock.
Transportation
Transportation is very accessible in the CA (34), I- 94 run on the west side of it. The community area is served by the redline with stops at Cermak and Sox ballpark at 35th street. However, the construction of the Dan Ryan created a division between this CA and other neighborhoods.
Air Quality
The air quality is quite polluted in the CA because of the construction of the Dan Ryan. Coarse particle 22.7 in 2017and annual nitrogen dioxide concentration 28.2 (2017) (Chicagoatlas.org) this can be attributed to emission from trains, cars and trucks.
There is no problems with water quality in this CA
References
Solutions, Regional Housing. “Armour Square.” Armour Square - Regional Housing Solutions, www.regionalhousingsolutions.org/community/armour-square.
Chicago Health Atlas, www.chicagohealthatlas.org/community-areas/armour-square.
“EnviroAtlas Interactive Map.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 21 Feb. 2020, www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-interactive-map.
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According to the City of Chicago Data Portal, there are only 5 open grocery stores in Armour Square – with only one being a supermarket chain. The other grocery stores are local businesses, but they do tend to have a lot less variety (Chicago Data Portal, 2020). Because there is only one big name supermarket in the community, it is likely that people have to drive, take public transportation, etc. to get there because it is not walking distance to all parts of the community. This could cause people to shop for groceries in convenience stores for groceries or getting fast food, which do not provide the healthiest choices or fresh groceries. There are many restaurants in Armour Square, especially in the north part of the community (Chinatown). There are a few liquor stores in the community, and there are a lot of stores that sell alcohol (beer, wine, etc). This is significant information because a greater density of liquor stores and alcohol retailers in a community is associated with higher levels of poverty and poorer health levels. There is one hospital in the community – Mercy Hospital & Medical Center, and there are quite a few medical practices. The hospital is known for poor service and rude staff, and it is likely that people avoid this hospital because of that. It is also important to note that Armour Square residents are more likely to be uninsured and less likely to visit a doctor/medical center compared to other neighborhoods in Chicago (Chicago Health Atlas). There are a few walk-in health clinics, as well. There are also quite a few dentist offices in Armour Square. In Chinatown, there are many acupuncture centers, massage therapy centers, and physical health/holistic healing centers (City Squares, 2020). The density of these centers is greater than in most other communities in the city. There are also four pharmacies (two of which are on the outer edges of the community).
References
Berke, E. M., Tanski, S. E., Demidenko, E., Alford-Teaster, J., Shi, X., & Sargent, J. D. (2010). Alcohol retail density and demographic predictors of health disparities: a geographic analysis. American journal of public health, 100(10), 1967–1971. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.170464
City Squares. (2020). Health Services in Armour Square (Chinatown), Chicago. Retrieved from https://citysquares.com/cat/il/chicago/armour-square-chinatown/health-services
Chicago Data Portal. (2020). Grocery Store Status Map. Retrieved from https://data.cityofchicago.org/Health-Human-Services/Grocery-Store-Status-Map/rish-pa6g
Chicago Health Atlas. Retrieved from https://chicagohealthatlas.org/community-areas/armour-square
Food access is extremely important in assessing the social determinants of health based on geographic location. According to the Chicago Health Atlas, 78.1% of residents in Armour Square have easy access to fruits and vegetables. After looking at Google Maps, I found that there was a high density of grocery stores within Chinatown but outside of those parameters, they were sparse. When comparing neighborhoods, for example Lake View, there are more grocery stores closer together that seem more accessible for walking distance. Armour Square had grocery stores that were more spread out lessening the accessibility if there isn’t a transportation option.
I also used Google Maps to find liquor stores. Armour Square doesn’t have a high density of liquor stores, but they are widespread throughout the area. According to an NIH report on alcohol retail density, there is an association with worse health outcomes, high levels of poverty, and violence with liquor store accessibility. These were also in association to race, education levels, and overcrowding (NIH, 2010). All of these factors influence determinants of health.
The Chicago Health Atlas’ data shows that 91.4% have a primary care provider which is higher than overall Chicago at 73.2%. Only 38.3% of residents have an annual dental cleaning which is 30% lower than Chicago (CHA, 2018). The health care services are well spread out around the area. Chinatown has a high density of alternative care services including Traditional Chinese Medicine, acupuncture, and holistic health. Outside of Chinatown, there aren’t many alternative medicine centers but there are rehabilitation clinics and chiropractors in the area.
Berke, E. M., Tanski, S. E., Demidenko, E., Alford-Teaster, J., Shi, X., & Sargent, J. D. (2010). Alcohol retail density and demographic predictors of health disparities: a geographic analysis. American journal of public health, 100(10), 1967–1971. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.170464
Chicago Health Atlas. Retrieved October 11, 2020,
from https://chicagohealthatlas.org/
Education and Economic indicators
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Armour Square is served by several public schools, charter schools and private schools, which are predominately Catholic schools. Most of the elementary schools are graded as level 1+ or 1, the highest grade by CPS grading. The high schools in this community is not so high rated level 2 (Chicago Public School, 2020). The educational outcome for student in the high school is below expectation when compared with other schools in Chicago, there is high dropout rate. 36.9% of residents of Amour Square has less than high school graduation education (CMAP 2029). The high suspension rates in high schools in this community area has a high correlation with the graduation rate of students in these schools and it is a good way in studying disparities and equity in this community.
There are no colleges or universities in the community area.
The sources of employment in Armour Square are accommodation and food service, 22.1%, healthcare 13.1%. The unemployment rate is 12.1 % compared to 8.3% in Chicago (2017).
The high number of people employed in the food and accommodation service industry is heavily impacted by the recent and ongoing pandemic of COVID 19. There is high level of job insecurity within these sectors
Majority of the residents of Armour Square work outside the community, meaning they have to commute outside their CA bringing to the fore employment, accommodation disparities. The high numbers of residents employed in the healthcare sector exposes them (as firstline workers) to the COVID 19.
References
COMMUNITY DATA SNAPSHOT ARMOUR SQUARE, CHICAGO ... - CMAP. www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/Armour+Square.pdf.
Chicago Health Atlas, www.chicagohealthatlas.org/.
“School Quality Rating Policy (SQRP).” Chicago Public Schools, www.cps.edu/about/district-data/metrics/sqrp/.
“Find a School (School Profiles): Chicago Public Schools.” Home, www.cps.edu/schools/find-a-school/.
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The majority of residents in Armour Square are Non- Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders, (74.5%), Non- Hispanic African American or blacks (9.2%), Non- Hispanic White, (11.5%) and Latino (3%). The age of residents in this community area almost evenly distributed. Majority is in the 14-24-year group (14.7%), 25 -34-year group (12.6%) and 45-54year group (14.5%). Median age is 45.7 (CMAP 2020)
The community is 51.3% male and 48.7% female. There is sharp demarcation between where the Non-Hispanic blacks Americans live, southmost area of this community area.
The crime rates in the Non- Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders are difficult to find (Urban Wire-Crime and Justice, 2017) but the violent crime rate for Armour Square is 911.1 per 100000 compared to Chicago 888 per 100,000 (Chicago Health Atlas).
Although there is scanty data on incarcerated rate and prisoner re-entry in this community it is surrounded by or close to neighborhoods with high incarceration rate and high amount of funds spent on the communities. Austin 550million, Humboldt Park 293million and North Lawndale 241million dollars. (Million Dollar blocks) These incarcerated may spill over into Armour Square. Armour Square is rank 76.5% compared to Chicago 75.9%. (Chicago Health Atlas 2018). This measured by residents over 18 years of age who reported feeling most or all the time in the neighborhood.
References
Chicago Health Atlas, www.chicagohealthatlas.org/zip-codes/armour-square.
“Home - CMAP.” Go to CMAP, www.cmap.illinois.gov/.
Hu, Cathy, and Sino Esthappan. “Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, a Missing Minority in Criminal Justice Data.” Urban Institute, 24 May 2017, www.urban.org/urban-wire/asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders-missing-minority-criminal-justice-data.
DataMade. Chicago's Million Dollar Blocks, chicagosmilliondollarblocks.com/.
I agree that it was hard to find crime data within the Chinatown part of the Armour Square/Chinatown community area. I can only assume that there is a relatively high rate, as I spoke to someone from CBCAC and they spoke about there being a high rate of sex-trafficking within the community. I wonder why there is such a disparity with regards to data collection between Chinatown and Armour Square. I think that you make a really good point that the incarceration rates may spill over into Armour Square, considering the amount of money being spent in the surrounding neighborhoods. I wonder how much crime is related to having the US Cellular Field as a part of Armour Square and whether that skews crime rates in one direction or another.
Thanks for sharing your information!
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