Week_10_Discussion_Reply

Post 1

There are many times of budgeting approaches in the current environment. However widely used two main types of approaches are : Top-down and bottom-up budgeting approach.

Top-down budgeting approach starts at the highest level of the organization and considers a downward approach from there onwards. The top tier of the organization shows the financial allowance of the departments and the department levels lower have a specific financial limit in their budget allowance.

Advantages are:

· Saves times with lower level department as the budget is pre-fixed.

· One budget is created at a time rather than drafting a budget from many other departments.

Disadvantages:

· People across the department might not be aware of the expenses related to that department

· There is lower motivation among the employees as they are not responsible towards that budget.

Bottom-up Approach:

Starts at the lowest level of the organization and works its way upward. This budget is drafted by the lower level manager and then the data is shared to the upper level management for approval.

Advantages:

· Lower level manager creates the budget based on their requirement

· Budget is made by those working within the department

· Increased motivation

· Participation is high

Disadvantages:

· Budgets may not adhere to corporate objectives.

· Managers set targets that are too easy to achieve.

I would like to go ahead with bottom-up approach method as the right team will be involved with the budgeting process and the motivation is high since each person feels a certain level of responsibility towards their department. There are drawbacks as well as mentioned above, but with proper communication channels/ guidelines between the corporate team and the managers of each departments the objectives can be easily achievable.

Post 2

Some of the benefits of a top- budgeting is that it includes the executive director, and thus the lower management is not wasting time making budgets. This saves the managers who are directly involved in the day-- running of the company considerable time. One of the disadvantages is that the top- budgeting does not include the everyday routine and thus may not be aware of those particular expenditures required. The bottom-up benefit is that it contributes to greater ownership and encompasses almost every aspect of company operations because it is generated by workers who are familiar with each department. The downside is that it leads to higher budget goals involving an accounting phase that consumes time once again. If I were to select the approach I would work as a Top-Down style because the top-down budgeting system begins from the organization's top levels and works down. Upper-level management sets the rules for budgeting and offers guidance for lower-level management on how budget estimates should be made. This approach provides no feedback to lower-level management. Upper-level management must have the requisite expertise to arrive at the budgets of the organization. A benefit of using the top-down approach is that the mechanism is organized and fosters a certain culture of the organization. Companies in their firms that emphasize hierarchy do well using the top-down method. A downside is that lower-level workers can feel as if their feedback is not respected by management and merely dictated to them. Whether you should go for top-down budgeting depends on your company size and structure. A top-down strategy is better for a smaller company with so many divisions because there won't be a major gap between managers at the upper and lower levels.

Post 3

Yes, I do believe that people should be cautious about their private information on where they are stored and what type of information is stored. The public is concern about the theft of such information as much as worried about how could someone potentially get hold of the information on top of the theft cases. With so many systems use recently need retinal scans, fingerprint access, and even voice recognition to stop threat invasion on the use of critical information maliciously is a concrete concern. Due to advance technology with artificial intelligence have contributed a lot in ensuring that important information is secure and the development of more intelligent security measures such as the ability to create a life-like robot and more advance technology shows the possibilities of how human thinking is endless and what other things can be done (Biometrics, 2015).

To my knowledge, some stretch and fiction activities that are currently shown even in the movies show how retinal scans, fingerprints scans and all these other methods used to secure information can be fake hence there is a need to be a concern on biometrics use (Biometrics, 2015). With the past election, it makes me concern about cell phones, private items and fingerprints scanners on the used devices. It applies to my cell phone where a fingerprint scan is what I use to unlock my phone. What if someone elsewhere has the same on her device which for the fact she uses it for a private server. Therefore, this gives rise to questions concerning the safety of if someone has the same information, then anyone can hack into the database containing the president’s fingerprint data and this could lead to global disaster (Biometrics, 2015).

Post 4

Biometric technology is not inherently good or bad for privacy. Good or bad depends on how they are developed, designed and deployed. They might be developed for protection or for hacking. Privacy is a sensitive subject for many years and biometrics has not helped people to that level. The risks of using biometrics fall into a few categories, including data and network hacking, rapidly evolving fraud capabilities, biometric enrollment security, familiar fraud, spoofed sensors, and sensor inaccuracy.

One of the greatest risks is data security. Biometric sensors produce digital maps of a body part, which are then used for future matching and unlocking. That digital map can be stored locally on some devices or transmitted across a network to a central storage database. Locally held data is significantly better protected because it is never out of your control while in transit. Data in motion must be encrypted on its way to storage and then secured. In both transit and storage, the data is vulnerable, and hackers are adept at breaking into either, particularly if the data isn’t encrypted.