Writing about class notes

Political Culture = Classical liberals (conservation)

1. Ideology from England 1699 --- John Locke

2. a. beliefs - limited government = freedom the only thing the government can do is provide orders

b. Social contract - agreement to the people to create a government = constitution

c. Natural rights = come from God from human status =natural emdowment

1780’s - America

1. Declaration of Independence - 1776

Jefferson --- statement of the Social contract, preservation of natural rights, king removed natural rights.

2. The 5th amendment = No persons can be denied natural rights - “life, liberty, property” ( pursuit of happiness )

***

1. Individualism = If everyone pursues their self- interest Soc will work fairly + justly

a. most people are rational

2. Self-responsibility - I should be responsible for myself

3. Capitalism - econ world, freedom, few regulations, free market determines the economic decision

Modern Liberalism (equality over freedom)

1.1929 The Great Depression

2. 1932 Frankin D Roosevelt - New Deal

3. Capitalism must be controlled by the government

4. Those that need help - Need government assistance for the poor, elderly, workers, minorities

5. Social security Act of 1935= Welfare, pension, unemployment, disability, compensation

6. Social responsibility for personal res

7. Labor Protections

8. Regulation capitalism

09/05/18

The Two models M.L. Ideology

1. Trust the government

2. explained its powers/responsibilities

3. balance power between government and corporations

4. distrust the corporations

5. social security, welfare, food stamps, Medicare, labor protections

Value Dilemmas (Conflict)

Freedom: positive, negative

Order: polite power, social order

Equality: opportunity, the outcome

Whenever you focus in on equality or order you lose some freedom.

Order vs freedom

Freedom Act= reduce terrorism

lose some freedom = civil liberties are not fully honored

Equality vs freedom

tax money goes to a certain group, not to everyone

The 3 Values

Social

Politically

Society

The two models of government

Majoritarian model.

A. the people said rule through the majority.

B. popular elections.

C. In between elections= survey the society to ascertain public opinions on a range of issues.

D. Concern about all the issues = broad focus

The model doesn’t work well

1. low voting rates

· 30% range for Congress

· 58-60% vote in près elections

· 15-17% local elections

2. low political knowledge rate people don’t follow politicians or issues

Pluralistic model

1. Competition from much political interest for political power

2. organize people into groups

3. groups focus in on particular issues

Money= campaign contributions

4. conflict between the majoritarian approach vs pluralistic approach which is narrow

The constitution

1. 13 colonies= Colonial possession of ENG 1600’s - 1776

2. Revolutionary war = 1776 Declaration of independence

- Taxation issue

- representation issue = who decides

- England vs French/Indians war was costly

- Intolerable acts = shut down their court system.

3. 2d continental congress

Declaration of Independence classical liberal

Social contract = people from the government always retain natural right- the right to revolution

4. win the war

5. after the war the colonies became states

6. confirmation= articles of confederation loose league of friendly states

No National army --- Trade conflicts

Security conflicts

No executive authority

No taxes or revenues

09/10/18

The constitution

Moved from a confederation to a federation

Philadelphia conv 1787

· Antifederalist - save the articles of conf

· Federalists create a new constitution

Federalist want a new constitution, Virginia plan, NJ plan, strengthen the rules - large state plan

4 Major compromises

1. Presidential ( excessive)

a. One president

b. electoral college not a popular election

2. representation comp-

bicameral congress = Congress is made up of 2 chambers senate, those of reps.

large states - wanted representation in Congress based on population small states - every state gets the same # of representatives

small states = Senate is used just 2 rep for each state, those of reps based on population.

3. Commercial compromise

Northern vs South states

Let the new national government have the “interstate comm power but slaves will continue for at least 20 years

4. Slavery compromises

how to continue slaves in your general population

3/5 the compromise

Ratification

1. article 7- until 3/5ths of the states adopt it

2. every state had onset convention - made up as a member of the public, not legit bones

3. federalist papers averred of articles in support of the proposed course

4. antifederalist within the 13 states - fearful that this new natal gov’t would take away individuals rights

5. unless you include a bill of rights

6. during the isn't congress session a bill of rights was written by James Madison

The new constitution 1789 adopted

Its own constitution

Their own constitutions federation

↓

The states are independent of the national government

Unitary states

National government

↓↓

Creates the state government

↓↓

Local government

09/12/18

Constitution

· Design 1789

1. Republic - not a democracy

2. separation of powers each branch is separate with its own power

* The president is not part of Congress

3. Checks and balances - each branch has some control over the branches

- to power

- declaration of war - congress

- The court can legislation and declare laws unconstitutional

4. Federalism

National government—————- states

Two governmental entities in the same country

Polarization - divide between parties - lack out compromises

· Theory of Factions

James Madison = one of the authors of the Federalist Papers

Fed papers #10

1. divide up power

2. prevent tyranny

3. we need to protect the minority from the majority

4. a. arguments - people get into gov’t to promote their own self-interest

b. when groups motivated by self-interest they become more powerful

Control over majoritarian groups

1. separation of powers - reduces majoritarian control

bicameral system

2. Checks and balance

3. Large republic - many diverse in the rest of groups in competition with one on other

4. federalism - a division of power between states and national

5. Multiple constituencies

Politicians and elected or appointed from different groups of laces

Pre’s — electoral college — 50 states

Cong: 1. senate — 50 states

2. house — elected in 435 districts

Court (federal judges) — appointed by the Pre’s — confirmed by the Senate

The 7 articles

1. article 1 — the power of Congress

legislative powers = pass laws approve budgets

a. 17 enumerated powers

b. “Necessary and proper clause”

elastic clause = The constitution adds additional powers for Congress that are related to the 17 powers they already possess

2.article 2 — the power of the president

- commander in chief - head of us military

- chief executive officer military + 2.4 million employees

3. article 3 — The federal courts

congress - gets to establish the interior

courts - U.S. District courts, circuit courts of appeal

We will have a US supreme court - hears case original and on appeal

Courts - federal judges → appointed by the president → confirmed by the Senate

4. article 4 — the right to travel, the right of residency - you get all the rights that other residents receive.

5. article 5 — amending the constitution. 2/3rds of 60th chambers + 3/4ths of the states

6. article 6 — oath of allegiance to the US supremacy clause = federal law prevails

7. article 7 — ratification 9 out of 13 states 1789

09/17/18

Two government in one country

National gov't ------ 50 state gov't

Two independent + gov't with their own constitutions

Arational power board problems involving all of the states

States powers solve problems of a state/local nature

State powers

1. Police powers

2. Crimes are defined by state law

3. Local gov’s established by the states

4. Education

5. Establish a business

6. Election laws

7. Courts - courthouse

8. Family laws

National powers

1. Interstate crime

2. Federal courts

3. Immigration laws art

4. US military

5. US postal service + roadside connecting postal locations

6. Patents/copyright

7. Land use - fed land

House of Reps Population-based

Census - every 10 years we have the population the lines must be redrawn when there are population differences

Federal court = redistricting lines can be used to disc against minorities

Dual Federalism (States Rights Group Republicans - Party Classical Liberal)

09/19/18

Federalism

I - National gov’t Imbalance -State gov’t

Historical events

1. The depression 1929 - 40’s

2. National programs - soc sec’ 1935

Welfare, labor laws - regulated

The economy

1960’s - “The war on poverty” Lydon Johnson

(related grants = money to states, cities, nonprofit or quantization)

Grants were categorical grants - medicare/Medicare

Grants with a specific requirement

1. Job Creation

2. Economic development programs

3. Urban renewal programs

2001 - Terrorism - Dept of Homeland Sec

II Court cases - John Marshall - Federalist Supreme court Justice

1819 Mcculloch v. Maryland

a. Facts - U.S. banking system is unconstitutional

· It is NOT a listed power enumerated powers

b. Legal issues - What does the “elastic clause”, The necessary/power

c. Ruling - The “elastic clause” allows, clause mean

· The national gov’t to have a banking system

1824 - US supreme court case

Judge Marshall

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Facts - N.Y. port authority states law which gave them one contract with Fulton Steamboat lines

Facts - The other steamboat lines

09/24/18

1. Mcculloch case

1. Facts: - Can the US gov’t have a US banking system

2. Kgal issues: enumerate powers and the necessary proper clause

3. Ruling - the necessary/proper allows the National gov’s to have a banking system

2. Historical factors creating the imbalance

1. The depression of the 1920s - The gov’s under the “New Deal” - Created national laws over the economy and labor

2. Terrorism - National gov’t + created the Dept of Homeland Sec

3. N - S

Two gov’s independent, own constitutions, in one country

4. 4 compromises - 1789

1. Slavery - ⅗ the are counted in the population

2. Representation: bicameral legislature - senate - 2 votes each/house - based on population

3. Commercial comp - National given the interstate commerce power

- The slave trade continues for 20 years

4. Executive - how to elect the press the picked the electoral college

5. ML’s

Big gov’t

Equality

Regulated capitalism

CL’s

Small gov’t

Freedom

Less regulation of capitalism

6. Republicans

· Small national gov’t

· State rights

· Freedom

· Unregulated of capitalism

· Dually federalism

Freedom

Negative- freedom limit the power of gov’t

Positive- opportunities for the disadvantaged

Order

Policies powers health, safety welfare issues

Socordes legis of moral values

Equality

Opportunity Outcome

Competition Preferential

Without discrim Treatment for the disadvantages

Pluralist Model

1. How groups influence politics

2. Groups are diverse and competitive

3. Groups have a Narrow Focus

4. It works well- heartily involved in politics, money, lobbyists, connections

Separation of power

1. Limits the power of presidents

2. Because presidents are not a party of Congress

Madison’s theory of factions

· Factions - people will act out of self-interest in politics

· Groups that more power than individuals to further influence politics

The solution - adopt a New Constitution

1. Separation of powers

2. Multiple constituencies

3. Federalism

4. Bicameralism

5. Checks and balances

Grants

1. Money from the national gov’t to the states/localities

2. This is a contract

3. The states have given up power under their constitutions to the national gov’s

1. Enumerated powers - powers listed that Congress

2. Reserve power clause it a power is not in the national CONST is belongs to the states- 10th amendment

Katzenbach Case

1. Allows the national gov’s the power to control discrimination in private businesses

2. Authority comes from the interstates comm clause

Gibbons Case

1. The meaning of interstate commerce will be defined by Congress

2. Court decided that NY port authority could not control steamboat business in NY from out of state

Majoritarian Model

1. We have a democracy

2. The majority is supposed to rule

3. The majority doesn’t assume responsibility

· Low voting rates

· Low knowledge levels

· Know what their politicians are doing

10/03/18

Pol socialization and social groups

Agencies - family - education - peers - neighborhood organizations - media - life events - knowledge

· Social groups to values - opinion

· Predictions

Social groups = demographic groups, ethnic, gender, income, education, regionality, age, religious groups

· Social groups lead to common values

Ethnic = equality programs

Upper income = taxes spent on public golds

Women = equality

Religious groups = against same-sex marriage

Social groups

· Same life experiences

· Same background

· Similar status on social

Correlations = The percentage of people in groups - the value or opinion

Positive correlation = 50+1

58% of women = vote for Democratic candidates

Prediction = so women in the future election will vote for the demo

Values to ideologies

Economic should gov’t be concerned about employment

CL’s

Small gov’s

States rights

Freedom

ML’s

National laws

Equality

Social responsibility

Gov’t should not influence equality issues

Self - interest

10/08/18

Participation

Definition = engagement in politics, making demands, seeking to change policies or keep them the same

Status Quo = want to keep thing the same

Soc Changes = want reforms

Involvement in 3 areas

1. Change constitutions

2. Elections - elect politicians

3. Public policy - eg healthcare, Social Security, immigration

Types of participation

1. Conventional = Soc acceptable forms of participation - voting, registering to vote, helping, candidates, poll surveys, discussion of politics, researching the issues, communicating the issues.

2. Levels of involvement low initiative = spending a short period of time, medium initiative, high initiative participation

Unconventional

1. Socially unacceptable forms of participation

2. Confrontational

3. Stressful

4. High initiative, Strikes, boycotts, sit-ins some demonstrations

In our political history rights have been secured first unconventional means

Through Social movements = an organized effort to secure changes both conn and unconventionally over a considerably over a long period of time

Women’s Suffrage movement

1869 - 1920 19th amendment

1870 African Amer makes got to vote in 1870 15th- females didn’t it acquire the right to vote

Successful SOC movement

1. Leadership structure

2. Clear issues - Civil Rights movement elimination of discrimination, the end to separate but equal policies, the right to vote

3. Need constant publicity - through demonstration

4. Networking = organizations coordinate with one another

5. High initiative involvement

Political efficacy = a desire to make the system workable positive foundation

History of Voting Rights in America

1. 1789-1840’s - The franchise limited to white property holders

2. Whites without property could vote

3. 15th amend 1879 = enfranchised Afrikan - Ammales

4. 19th amend 1920 - women could vote

5. 24th amend - eliminated poll taxes 1966

6. 18 years acquired the right to vote 26th amend

Rights are not automatic even though they are supposed to be.

1965 Southern Resistance

1. White primary

2. Poll taxes

3. Literacy tests

4. Registration intimidation

1. Pol parties = private organizations white could vote in primaries

2. Poll taxes = charging fees to vote

3. Literacy tests = ground fathered

4. Registration intimidation

10/10/18

Participation

Proof movements achievements

1. 1969 - Farmworkers movement U.F.W. Union

2. Civil Rights 1955 70’s Civil Right Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965

3. Suffrage movement 1870 - 1970 19th amend 1920

4. Gay rights movement Some sex marriage is nonlegal

Constitutional rights - southern election official denied A- A’s their r + to vote

States - election and laws

15th amendment

1. No discrimination in voting is allowed

2. Congress will enforce the 15th amendment

- The south violated the 15th amend 1870 - 1965

*If you don’t punish public official they will continue to violate the constitution

1965 - Now Congress will prosecute public officials who deny the right

Voting Rights Act of 1965

1. Authority to stop discrimination in voting practices comes from the 15th amend

2. The national government took over registration in the south.

3. Prosecuted Southern election official

4. The reviewed all laws proposed in the southern states which discriminated against minorities

10/15/18

Political Parties

Definition - Pol Organizations that sponsor candidates for office under their party labor.

a. Goal- you to elect, a majority of members, House, Senate, the executive branch.

Function - How the party enables the system to work better

1. Reduce the number of candidates running for office

2. Train, vet, recruit a candidate to run

3. Provide policy choices - Party Platform

Equality

Freedom

4. Organize congress as the majority or minority party

EX- House - What bills introduced by the majority party

· Organize the committees

· What to invest what not to investigate

1. Dictatorships - One party system

2. Two party systems

^

Republican Democrats

Control House + Senate have power

Why do we have a 2 party system?

1. Our election laws rules predetermine this example

House - 435 districts each district is called an SMPD

Single-member plurality District

SMPD Rules

1. SM = Only one winner in each district

2. P = You win with the greatest number of votes

3. “Winner take all rule”

Multi-Party Rules

1. Larger districts

2. Multi - members districts- more than one winner

3. Win by % the vote

Two Party Rules

Candidates

1. -30% X 13 = 4 seats

2. 20% X13 = 3 seats

3. 18% X 13

4. 15% X 13

5. 10% X 13

6. 8% X 13

7. 7% X 13

8. 6% X 13

9. 5% X 13

What influence does the 2 party's system have over candidates that run

10/17/18

Lectures: Political Parties Election Laws

1. Party alignments = Party loyalty = Voters how to remain in the party and occasionally switch parties

2. Switch = Causes

1. The candidates and their attributes

2. Past Performance based on policies - ask the question-am I doing better

3. The party Identification = most people vote for candidates within their party

Party composition = How many in the electorate are Republicans = less than ⅓ rd

Democrats = more than ⅓ rd

* Independents = growing 40% or more range

Trump - base = 33% - 37%

· Democrat = some white, poor, rural uneducated

· Independents = some

Win = Republican, Support, Democrats, Independents

Independents in elections = they vote within the two party system

Political parties = Sponsor candidates for office = House, Senate, presidency

YOUR job to analyze - demographic

· Factors - income levels, education level, ethnic, regionality

· Voting records

· poll surveys of party members/independents

· registration drives

· get out the vote drives

· give contribution

Weak Party System?

1. Candidates self-nominate within the permission of the party

2. The final nominee is picked by the public in the primaries

3. The nominees of each party are formed in conventions

4. The party platform doesn’t have to be followed

5. You have in run within the two-party system

Election Laws

Preselections - Two-part(Feb - June, 2016 Summer conv.)

Process- 1. Primaries - elections within Pol parties = Nominee winner of most of the primaries

2. General election

Republican = Nominee, Trump

Democrats = H.Clinton

Primaries = elections within parties to pick their nominee

= 50 state elections - 40 primaries 10 caucuses

= Campaign begins 2015 campaign in 50 states

= elections of different times

Proposals t change this from a series of primary elections to

· One National Primary

· Regional primaries on different date’s

Front loading - leading candidates- more donations/press coverage

10/22/18

Election Lows

Ballot Primaries

Democrat Ballot

1. ----House

2. ----House

3. ----House

4. ----House

----Senate

----Pres

----Pres

----Pres

Most other Countries they are No primary

General Elections Constitution ART 2

1. Each state gets a certain number of election

2. Each state gets to select their elections

3. The states transferred the responsibility to the Pol parties

4. The Pol Parties allowed popular for electors + Pres candidate

5. You get all of the electors if you win in a state winner take all = 55

6. Not based on the pop vote based on the electoral vote 270 electoral votes to win

Money in campaigns

Money is free speech -- Ist amendment rights

Money -- brings power

F.E.C.A -- laws of 1974

Fed Elections campaign ACT

Campaign money restrictions

Groups contributions

Individual ------ Candidates PAC

Restriction

1. Must have a PAC to receive or give money

2. Create the Fed Election Comm

3. Campaigns limitations individuals - #2700 per individual groups 5000 - Candidate

4. Public Financing of campaigning

Citizens United v. FEC 2010

Independent contributions groups - advertising

Facts - a. Money can’t be put directly into campaigns

b. Super PAC’s give money for advertising

Legal Issue

Can corporations Spend - Ist amend unlimited sum on advertising through super PHC

A. Corporations are persons they have ist amend rights

B. Can spend unlimited sums as long as it doesn’t go to candidates

10/24/18

Interest Groups

Finance laws

Contributions PAC’s -----PAC’s Politicians

Individuals groups FECA - regulated

Have to have political Action can Report to the FEC annually

Citizens United corps are persons

You as a corporation can spend as much as you want on politics, but you can’t give the money to politicians Corporations Super PAC’s advertising must have super pals must Report who

Unregulated

gives them money

1. Gifts - limitations - very small

2. Lobbyists must register + disclose expenses 12,000 - 15,000

3. President - emolument clause - Presidents Can not profit from Private holding

4. Give money to Nonprofits 501 “c” 4 social welfare

10 million dollars = politics

5 million

Your contributions don’t have to be disclosed

Pol Parties --- representing everyone --- majoritarian ---- party platform

Interest groups = Pol Organizations from a society that tries to influence politics about a specialized set of interests

a. Narrow focus

How do they influence politics?

Influence - Congress

- Presidency

- Courts

Interest Group

Functions - 1. Representation - jion a group

2. Participation - they will instruct you to do something politically

- week by week

3. Education = they educate the Public + Congress

4. Monitor programs that the gov't has had in operation for years

Pluralism

Group Influence

1. Many diverse groups representing a full range of interests 20,000 active interest groups

2. Educate the public

3. Competitive process

4. Right to associate, organize, speak out ist amendment right

10/29/18

Interest Groups

Interest groups pluralistic - want to change of keep policies the same

Policies - Cleanair, labor rights, civil rights, gun control, what foods website, healthcare

Political party - Sponsoring candidates, getting people into power majoritarian docus

Pluralistic state

1. Motivated groups

2. Freedom of association freedom of speech

3. Competitive / diverse

4. Provide representation / participation

Pluralist side more power than the majoritarian model - groups have lobbyists

a. Lobbyists - are in Washington all the time - 12,000-15,000 lobbyists

b. They do fundraising = gain access through pol contributions

c. Revolving door policy - start in Congress than leave + 0 join a lobbying firm - connections

d. Direct lobbying - working in Congress

Direct lobbying doing

1. Contribution - access

2. Draft a bill - lobbyist because they are experts working under the supervision of certain congresspersons

3. Hearing - lobbyists bring in the experts before the committee

4. Getting through Congress legislative strategy

Lobbyists } Direct - cong

Indirect lobbying

(into election districts)

(influence the public)

1. Go into districts where the congressperson can be persuaded through the public

2. Public opinion must be measured in the local districts

3. You get the results ---- from the survey communicate the results with the congressperson ---- 80%

4. Generate publicity -- studies, protests, meetings, scientist

5. Get the politicians to vote for the bill a) from letter goes to the politician from you

Economic Interest groups

1. Economic Gain

2. Specific results

3. Membership constant

Citizen Groups - Public interest groups

1. Making things work better socially noneconomic

2. Goals are not specific in tangible results

3. Competition - variable membership

4. Free rider concept I get the benefits event I choose not to join

10/31/18

Test Review Period

1. Majoritarianism express policy preferences between elections through

1. surveys

2. Conventional part

3. Unconventional part

2. Objective Survey

1. Random selection - selecting respondents should some random

2. 1500 - size respondents

3. The has to be fair and objective

3. Demographics = soc groups

gender income age education ethnic regions

4. Low income - high minorities / correlations

5. Higher education - pro-choice

Pro-choice is not a value related to abortion

6. Libertarians communitarian

7. Public opinion makers

1. Politicians, New anchors, president, Radio Talk Show Hosts

2. Why because people trust them and are dependent on their opinions

3. The public doesn’t research the issues

8. Meetings Petitions Discussions Research Joining a group

9. It is Necessary to participate unconventionally because conventional demand was not meet

10. Constructive

1. Develop participation habits

2. Connect with people + groups/ join

3. Pol efficacy = positive about social

11. Voting rights

a. Needed rights built into the constitution 15, 19, 24, 26

b. The right was denied

c. The national gov’t - had to impose punishments to enforce the constitution

12. Voting Rights Act of 1965

1. The national gov’t power to regulate voting practices in the south & other states when discrimination is at issue

2. The 15th amendment gives them the authority

3. Prosecuted state election officials

4. They took over registration operations in the south

13. A pol organization that sponsors the candidate for office under the party label

14. Function = make the system work

1. Reduce the number of candidates

2. Gives police choice

3. Organize congress

4. Training/vetting

15. Weak party system

1. Decentralized organization

2. Candidates run on their own

3. The party members pick the nominee through the primaries

4. The party platform not used

16. Two party system

1. Because have the winner take all rules not p/r rules

2. 435 small districts

3. One winner in each dist

4. Don’t need a majority two win plurality

5. SMPD rules

17. Party primaries

1. The party members have the power to pick the nominee

2. Nominee = the person selected to run in the general elections

3. You need to win in several states party delegates

18. Election collage

1. Article 2 rules - every state gets a specific number of elections HR +2=total

2. Each state is allowed to select the elections

3. Now the Pol parties the electors during democratic elections

4. The people vote for the electors

5. To win you need 270 electoral votes

19. A Pol organization that want to change or keep the same policies

20. F.E.C.A. 1974 changes contribute lows - candidates

1. Created the F.E.C.

2. Groups/candidates will have PAC’s

3. Contribution limitations

Group- 5000 to a politician

Individual - 2700 to each politician

4. Report your PAC transactions to the FEC.

21. Citizens United v FEC

1. 2010 Supreme court decision

2. Ist amend case involving super PAC’s

3. Can super PAC’S spend unlimited sums on advertising

4. The court allows this

5. As long as the money doesn’t go to campaigns

22. Interest groups - focus is on narrow issues

23. Interest groups in Congress lobbyists - congress

Lobbyists work in Congress

1. Draft bills

2. Testify at hearings

3. Come up with a legislative strategy to get, the bill passed

24. Citizen groups

1. Non- contain

2. Variable memberships

3. Benefits are intangible (don’t see them)

4. Free rider concept

Econ groups

1. Economic mic gain

2. Membership is constant

3. Benefits are tangible

25. Pluralistic Theory

1. Pluralistic claim they have a constitutional right to freedom assoc / speech

2. Are motivated/ participate

3. Groups are competitive diverse

11/05/18

Congress

1. Bicameral legislative body big state vs small states solution

House of Reps = based on population

Senate = 2 members per state

1) Power enumerated powers + elastic clause

Passes all the national laws / establish programs Congress controls the budget

2) House elections - qualifications 25yrs of age

2. House of Representatives 435 seats - term 2yr terms

3. District lines change every 10 yrs after the census - 2020

Redistricting = change SMPD lines

Single-member Plurality Districts

= districts of equal population size without discrimination

= each state legislature can redraw the lines

= assign responsibility to commissions

bill= proposed law

House organization

1. Speaker of the House controls what bills are considered

2. Majority leader daily affairs

3. Standing committees chairpersons - a. Decide when to review bills

4. Rule committee - bills

- how long can we debate a bill

- how many changes can you make

5. Democrats meet as a Caucus

Republicans meet at a conference

6. The whips - measure how many people are likely to vote for a bill

The Senate

1. 100 members 2 per states by terms 30 yrs old, 9 years

2. Elected statewide ⅓ of the seats are up for reelection

Senate organization

1. Majority leader - monitor all bills

2. No rules comm

3. Committee chairpersons standing comm

4. Whips

5. Canvases / conferences

Filibuster rules

1. 2/⅓ vote to pass any law

2. Motion to filibuster

11/21/18

Final Review

The Bureaucracy background

1. Corporations U.S. post a service FDIC- Amtrak

2. Appointments budgets

Departments of gov’t 15 department

Justice - lawyers

Interior - Public Lands

Housing

Health/Human Services

Agr culture

Transportation

3. Independent regulatory agencies

SEC -- the stock market

FTC -- advertising

FDA --Drugs

EPA -- water/air pollutions

4. Private center prise

1. Few unions

2. Salary negotiable

3. At will firing

4. Decentralized authority

Bureaucracy

1. Union Protections

2. Salary schedule - seniority/degrees

3. Firing with cause due process -

4. Hierarchy of authority

Outsourcing - Conservative ideology

5. Pres

Bureaucracy

Employees civil servants- laws - congress for the agency - follow the regulations

Regulations must be followed by civil servants

The forces of low - detail instructions on how to manage the Debt

The protections that they have Pendleton Act of 1883 - established our civil service system = merit system - you must be a competent

Old system - patronage system = if you helped politicians you automatically get a job

1979 - merit systems protection Board

6. Regulatory agencies = regulate social programs + the economy

Regulations = they pass regulations, they serve as courts

EX: A. Federal Elections comm - pass thousands of regulations regarding campaign practices finance

B. hearing - civil penalties

7. Pres

Bureaucracy

appointment power control over of the budget executive orders

to enforce the law

8. Implementation

The way the agency addresses areas of concern with their authority

Food Drug Admin - make sure medications are safe

1. Doctors / Scientists

2. Conduct research

3. Determine side effect

4. When to approve a medicine congress gives the agencies authority to pass regulations = implementation

9. Congress - the budget

bureaucracy

establishes the agencies through laws give the agencies a scope of authority to the agencies

96. Administrative Discretion

· The scope of authority can be broad or narrow

· How much authority Congress gives to the agency

1. Intelligence agencies FBI, CIA, NSA, Secrecy

2. Highly technical - broad administration distractions

11/26/18

Inferior Fed courts

U.S District courts = trial 94 fed districts fed laws

Circuit court to appeals 12 regional courts - 9th circuit cases on appeal

Trial - unfair due process rights violated by Judge or attorneys

- facts are settled

- laws rather than facts

- lost here - US Supreme court

1. Injured party

2. Fed law violation

3. Trial appellate process

4. Supreme court doesn’t have to hear your case

8000 thousand petitions

70 - 80 cases --- hearing granted

11. A- lawyers --- submit is granted a petition for hearing

B- submit briefs --- 500 pages + documents

--- other party submits 400 pages

C- rules of 4 = 40 vt+of 9 judges will hear the case

12. Stare Decisis

1. Arguments are based on cases already decided

2. Judges review the important + case from the past = precedents

3. They write on options in the US reports --- about which way they rule

13. Favorable ruling

1. 5 out of judges to agree in favor of one of the parties

2. Write the options which go into the reports

3. You write dissenting opinion

Appointment power

President --- appointment power

Senate approves the nomination

Majority votes for confirmation

Civil liberties

-- Negative freedoms government back’s away = promises not to interfere

-- A constitutional involves

-- A government body = relationship

Government - you

Bill of rights

1st 10 amendments

1791 --- rights applied to fed laws only

1. Rights to free speech

2. Right to petition for grievances

3. Free exercise of religion

4. Establishment clause --- prohibits the state from establishing a church

5. Free press

2d beam's

3rd quartering of troop

5th pretrial its trial its

6th post-trial its

Courts bill of rights

1. Free speech denied

2. The court 2 values (freedom vs. order confining values)

Free speech

Protesting wars

Protesting --- other things

Rulings are based on a standard