Question 1)

fgyn42

Polit10e_PPT_Ch231....ppt

Home >Nursing homework help >Question 1)

Chapter 23

Data Collection in Qualitative Research

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Qualitative studies typically adopt flexible data collection plans that evolve as the study progresses.

Answer

True

Qualitative studies typically adopt flexible data collection plans that evolve as the study progresses. Self-reports are the most frequently used type of data in qualitative studies, followed by observation.

Fieldwork Issues

Gaining participants’ trust
Pacing data collection to avoid being overwhelmed by the intensity of data
Avoiding emotional involvement with participants
Maintaining reflexivity

Plans

How data will be recorded and stored
Technical equipment

Unstructured and Loosely
Structured Self-Reports

Latitude in questions and answers
Yield rich narrative data

Types of Qualitative Self-Reports

Unstructured interviews
Semistructured interviews
Focus group interviews
Joint interviews
Life histories
Oral histories

Types of Qualitative Self-Reports (cont.)

Critical incidents interviews
Diaries and journals
Think-aloud method
Photo elicitation interviews
Self-report narratives on the Internet

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Qualitative researchers sometimes collect unstructured observational data, often through participant observation.

Answer

True

Qualitative researchers sometimes collect unstructured observational data, often through participant observation. Participant observers obtain information about the dynamics of social groups or cultures within members’ own frame of reference.

Preparing for Qualitative Interviews

Ensure that interviewers and respondents have a common vocabulary.
Develop and word questions to be asked; become familiar with questions.
Conduct a practice interview.
Decide how to present oneself to participants.
Decide on settings for data collection.
Obtain needed supplies.

Conducting Qualitative Interviews

Take steps to “break the ice” to put participants at ease.
Share pertinent information about the study with participants.
Develop rapport to gain participants’ trust.
Listen intently to guide subsequent questioning.

Conducting Qualitative Interviews (cont.)

Probe for information as needed.
Be ready to handle emotionality.
Be prepared to manage crises (e.g., interruptions, equipment problems).
Achieve a positive closure.

Observation in Qualitative Studies

Unstructured observation in naturalistic settings:
Includes participant observation

Getting Started in a Participant Observation Study

Getting an overview
Gaining entrée
Establishing rapport/developing trust

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Observations tend to become more focused over time, ranging from descriptive observation to focused observation.

Answer

True

Observations tend to become more focused over time, ranging from descriptive observation (broad observations) to focused observation of more carefully selected events.

Observations

Descriptive observation
Focused observation
Selective observation

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Participant observers usually select events to be observed through mobile positioning by observing from a fixed location.

Answer

False

Participant observers usually select events to be observed through a combination of single positioning (observing from a fixed location), multiple positioning (moving around the site to observe in different locations), and mobile positioning (following a person around a site).

Observational Locations in Participant Observation

Single positioning: staying in one location
Multiple positioning: moving around the site to get different perspectives
Mobile positioning: following a single participant as he or she moves to different locations

Methods of Recording Unstructured Observations

Log (field diary)
Field notes
Descriptive (observational) notes
Reflective notes
Methodologic notes
Theoretical notes (or analytical notes)
Personal notes