Question 1)

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Chapter 22

Sampling in Qualitative Research

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Qualitative samples tend to be large, random, and intensively studied.

Answer

False

Qualitative samples tend to be small, nonrandom, and intensively studied.

Methods of Sampling in Qualitative Research

Convenience (volunteer) sampling
Snowball sampling
Theoretical sampling
Purposive sampling

Question

What is homogeneous sampling?

Deliberately reducing variation

Selecting cases that illustrate what is typical

Selecting the most unusual or extreme cases

Selecting cases that are intense but not extreme

Answer

Homogeneous sampling (deliberately reducing variation), typical case sampling (selecting cases that illustrate what is typical), extreme case sampling (selecting the most unusual or extreme cases), and intensity sampling (selecting cases that are intense but not extreme)

Purposive Sampling

Sampling for representativeness or comparative value
Sampling special or unique cases
Sampling sequentially

Representativeness or Comparative Value

Maximum variation sampling
Homogeneous sampling
Typical case sampling
Extreme case sampling
Intensity sampling
Stratified purposive sampling
Reputational case sampling

Purposive Sampling Special Cases

Critical case sampling
Criterion sampling
Revelatory case sampling
Sampling politically important cases

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Theory-based sampling is adding new cases based on changes in research circumstances or in response to new leads that develop in the field.

Answer

False

Theory-based sampling is selecting cases on the basis of their representation of important, whereas constructs opportunistic sampling is adding new cases based on changes in research circumstances or in response to new leads that develop in the field.

Purposive Sequential Category

Theory-based sampling
Opportunistic sampling
Sampling confirming and disconfirming cases

Sample Size in Qualitative Research

No explicit, formal criteria
Sample size determined by informational needs
Decisions to stop sampling guided by data saturation
Data quality can affect sample size.

Sampling in the Three Main Qualitative Traditions

Ethnography

Mingling with many members of the culture

Informal conversations with 25 to 50 informants

Multiple interviews with smaller number of key informants

Sampling in the Three Main Qualitative Traditions (cont.)

Phenomenology

Relies on very small samples (often 10 or fewer)

Participants must have experienced phenomenon of interest.

Sampling in the Three Main Qualitative Traditions (cont.)

Grounded theory

Typically involves samples of 20 to 30 people

Selection of participants who can best contribute to emerging theory (usually theoretical sampling)

Question

Tell whether the following statement is true or false:

Analytic generalization occurs when researchers strive to generalize from particulars to a broader conceptualizations and theories.

Answer

True

Analytic generalization occurs when researchers strive to generalize from particulars to a broader conceptualizations and theories.

Generalizability

Controversial issue
Researchers find findings:
Relevant
Meaningful

Two Models

Analytic generalization: Researchers strive to generalize from particulars to a broader conceptualizations and theories.
Transferability involves judgments about whether findings from an inquiry can be extrapolated to a different setting or group of people.
Transferability has close connections to the proximal similarity model that involves a conceptualization about which contexts are more or less like the one in the study in terms of a gradient of similarity for people, settings, times, and contexts.