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Legislative Impact

Legislative Impact on Breast Cancer in Young Women and Those Whom Are Affected

Student Name

National University

Legislative Impact

Introduction

One of the most painful and long suffering thing a woman can go through is breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer found in women, no matter the race or ethnicity(CDC, 2020).

In the United States alone breast cancer have reached an all time high with 245,299 new cases reported

in 2016 alone(CDC, 2020). Not only are these rates high, but out of 124 cases, 20 women have died

due to this cancer. 1 in 8 women worldwide have a lifetime risk of contracting and/or developing breast

cancer(Sun, Zhao, et al, 2017). The statistics continue to trouble as years extend. The risk starts at the

age of 40 with women, and can grow exponentially to 80 years of age. The most common age for

breast cancer in women have been documented to be between 50 to 70 years of age(Statista, 2019). The

problem that the legislation was intended to impact was to reach women whom had breast cancer and

to give them financial and physical support in their time of need. Another way to the legislation seemed

to help was to also provide preventative care with education and support to young women. In July 24,

2014 a bill was introduced to Congress to amend the public health service act but authorizing young

women's breast health education and awareness program to continue and to be funded through this act.

This act would allow campaigns to educate the public health division and other professionals about

breast cancer awareness and to help with research for preventative care, and finally would help support

women whom have been diagnosed with breast cancer(Congress.Gov, 2020). This bill would later on

be passed and become a public law on December 18, 2014 by the title of H.R. 5185 – Early[Education

and Awareness Requires Learning Young] Act Reauthorization of 2014(Congress.Gov, 2020). This law

is and was intended to provide support the entire nation, not only in specific states, thus it went through

both the House and Senate, and finally to the President of the United States for approval and signature.

History

Legislative Impact

The original act was singed into law in 2010, thus calling itself the Young Act of 2009. It was

the Department of Health and Human Services that spearheaded this notion into action in late 2009,

early 2010 to better educate and assist young women whom are affected by breast cancer(Hart Health

Strategies, 2011). From this beginning of this coalition, an advisory committee was formed, and

federally was able to register. It wasn't until October of 2010 when the Center for Disease Control and

Prevention had joined this coalition to help push it's campaign(Hart Health Strategies, 2011). This was

a great help for the cause and the law in itself that a large government organization such as the CDC

would be involved with this campaign. The CDC would be involved to identify gaps within the

program to better educate young women and better help their health care providers and to assists in

other various ways(Susan G. Komen, 2014). As years continued the campaign did not get enough

traction until it had reached Congress for it's reauthorization. Upon passing from both the House of

Representatives and the Senate, and finally making it to the President of the United States at that time,

Barrack Obama had signed the document and make the law legal, passing it officially on December 18,

2014.

Legislation

The legislation process of the Early Act of 2014 goes a few different way, depending on where

we officially look at as the starting date. The bill, S.2655 itself was introduced to the House in July of

2014. From then on it was passed/agreed upon in the House, which passed the bill into the next section

of the legislation, which is the Senate. This took place on December 15, 2014 where this bill was

passed/agree on by the Senate and was moved to it's next position, which it was presented to the

President of the United States, Barrack Obama on December 17, 2014. From then on, The POTUS

Legislative Impact

signed the bill, ensuring that this will pass and move forward in being an official law on December 18,

2014, giving it a title of H.R.5185, the Early Act of Reauthorization of 2014(Congress.gov, 2020).

Now taking a look back at it's originality in 2009. The first advisory group was formed,

established and federally registered in mid-2010. From then on, CDC had their involvement in this bill

to push the campaign to it's present time. Though the bill allowed this campaign to be formed, created

various coalitions with CDC, WHO as well as the Department of Health and Services, it did not

officially taken into legislation until 2014, whereby the bill was presented to the House to be passed.

There were not enough information to really dig deep into why the large delay for this bill had been

done, but one can assume the trails of lobbying and trying to push this bill into the legislation “realm”

had to take it's price and time.

Impact

The impact of the Early Act carried by CDC have made great leaps towards success. To speak

of advocating along, over 200 binders were distributed to young women in the 2018 campaign, over 3

webinars had taken place to educate young women, over 70 website videos have been published and

mobile Apps have been created to help patients to continue with progress. This is all from CDC and

John Hopkin's Medical's joint coalition to back this campaign along(CDC, 2018). In regards to patients,

over 10,000 survivors were supported, 3,627 co-survivors were supported, 1,900 educational navigators

were performed, and 100s of volunteers helped campaign and progress this cause along. All this from

2018 alone proving that this cause and impact of this Act have helped and continue to help young

women and those whom have been affected by breast cancer(CDC, 2018).

With CDC's launch of social media outlet program of “Bring Your Brave,” which helps connect

and reach young women nationwide has also seen a great deal of impact. It had reached over 14,000

Legislative Impact

learners, over 7,000 whom came in and took a test of self-diagnosis, and over 10,000 CME credits have

been distributed to those whom desired to learn and volunteer with the program(CDC, 2018). The

impact is needlessness to say is fairly large compared to what had been estimated. The CDC has also

launched a multimedia national campaign when stems off this act to encourage and educate women on

the risk factors for breast cancer before age 45, which also stems into ovarian cancer, and other's that

young women are prone to(Ekwueme, Tragdon, 2016). The first critical step in management or even

knowing of potential risk of breast cancer is a pathological examination, which is a diagnosis of self-

evaluation(WHO, 2020).

Financial Burden of EARLY Act Reauthorization of 2014

To the individual patient, the average cost of breast cancer after diagnosis is $60,000 - $135,000

per total care. This is broken down relatively per the stage of the cancer itself. Some have received a

bill of over $185,000 per their specific case of related disease. The cost is based on their current

diagnosis, which includes chemotherapy, and even non-cancerous treatment. But overall, this is roughly

the estimate of treatment(Blumen, Fitch, et al, 2016).

The burden of cost related to this Act is pretty hefty. The authorizations of appropriations in

dealing with this Act is capped at $9,000,000 for each of it's fiscal years starting in 2014, going all the

way until 2014. From 2015 on, the cost of the Act drops significantly down to $4,900,000 every fiscal

year(Govtrack, 2020). There is no documentation of the cost prior to, since the law was not established

before. Since the law had been passed officially, the cost for each fiscal year is at $9,000.000, which

includes services for both parties CDC and the Department of Health and Services. The cost of this

program was estimated to be nearly $25,000,000 for each year, but the cost savings trickled down to

more than half of what was estimated. Even from 2015 onwards, it was reduced to nearly half again

Legislative Impact

due to funding arrangements and the significant low cost to maintain this program nationwide. Though

there is a cost associated with the program, the patients are able to be taken care of and be provided

with other programs such as the Affordable Care Act, along with the EARLY Act which has been

joined together by the CDC(CDC, 2020).

Conclusion

The impact of this law, Early Act Reauthorization of 2014 has really changed the course of

young women, and women who have been impacted by breast cancer. It has opened a pathway to be

encouraged, gain knowledge and wisdom, and even get financial and physical support through the trail

of cancer. The current efforts of this campaign has shown promising achievements of getting young

women involved with CDC's projects such as “bring the brave,” along with coalition collaborations

with various hospitals and government agencies to continue to progress this act(CDC, 2019). The goal

of this law is to help women whom are in need, and to continue to press against all odds to defeat breast

cancer.

Legislative Impact

References

Blumen, H., Fitch, K., & Polkus, V. (2016). Comparison of Treatment Costs for Breast Cancer, by

Tumor Stage and Type of Service. American health & drug benefits, 9(1), 23–32.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Bring Your Brave. Web. 2019. Retrieved from:

https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/pdf/ACBCYW-BYB-Updates-EarlyOnset-TFairley-082019-

508.pdf

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Breast Cancer. Web. 2020. Retrieved from:

https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/what_cdc_is_doing/young_women.htm

Congress. H.R.5185 – Early Act Reauthorization of 2014. Web. 2020. Retrieved from:

https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-

bill/5185/actions?r=15&s=3&KWICView=false

Congress. Advanced Search. Web. 2020. Retrieved from:

https://www.congress.gov/search?q=%7B%22source%22%3A%22legislation%22%2C%22con

gress%22%3A%22113%22%2C%22bill-status%22%3A%22law%22%7D

Ekwueme, D. U., & Trogdon, J. G. (2016). The Economics of Breast Cancer in Younger Women in the

U.S.: The Present and Future. American journal of preventive medicine, 50(2), 249–254.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.011

Legislative Impact

GovTrack. H.R. 5185(113th): Early Act Reauthorization of 2014. Web. 2020. Retrieved from:

https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr5185/text

Hart Health Strategies. PPACA: A Closer Look. Web. 2011. Retrieved from:

https://primaryimmune.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/X24-

EARLYActUPDATED092911.pdf

Statista. Number of female deaths due to breast cancer in the U.S. As of 2019, by age. Web. 2019.

Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/778095/breast-cancer-female-deaths-

number-us/

Susan G. Komen. SUSAN G. KOMEN® APPLAUDS REAUTHORIZATION OF THE BREAST

HEALTH EDUCATION AND AWARENESS REQUIRES LEARNING YOUNG ACT

(EARLY). Web. 2014. Retrieved from: https://ww5.komen.org/News/Susan-G--Komen-today-

applauds-the-reauthorization-of-the-Breast-Health-Education-and-Awareness-Requires-

Learning-Young-Act,-or-EARLY-Act-.html

Sun, Y. S., Zhao, Z., Yang, Z. N., Xu, F., Lu, H. J., Zhu, Z. Y., … Zhu, H. P. (2017). Risk Factors and

Preventions of Breast Cancer. International journal of biological sciences, 13(11), 1387–1397.

doi:10.7150/ijbs.21635

World Health Organization. Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment. Web. 2020. Retrieved from:

https://www.who.int/cancer/treatment/en/