Police Admin & Management Research Paper
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PoliceAdminChap.12.pptxPart IV Control Processes in Police Management
Chapter 12 Control and Productivity in the Police Setting
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Learning Objectives
Understand the roles of control.
List the levels of control.
Understand the various types of control.
Explain the control process.
Understand performance evaluation and methods of corrective action.
Understand the definition of productivity.
Measure productivity.
Discuss how to improve productivity.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Control
The efficient accomplishment of goals and objectives depends on effective control.
Control is the process of regulating organizational activities so that performance conforms to expectations.
Maintaining a balance between undercontrol and overcontrol is a challenge.
Police organizations are thought to employ excessive control because of their quasi-military nature.
It is critical to decide how much control to have in the department.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Management by Exception
The technique of reserving top executive attention for those few instances involving significant deviations from anticipated performance
Police administrators must ensure the establishment of policies, procedures, and rules that allow and facilitate exceptional issues to surface for executive attention.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The Roles of Control
Coping with uncertainty
Detecting irregularities
Identifying opportunities
Handling complex situations
Decentralizing authority
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Levels of Control
Strategic Control
Ensuring strategic plans are implemented as intended
Assessing the effects of strategic actions and adjusting the plan when necessary
Tactical Control
Assessing the implementation of tactical plans at departmental levels
Monitoring associated periodic results and taking corrective action as necessary
Operational Control
Individual officers are responsible for carrying out the programs and policies decided on from above
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Types of Control
Output control
Choosing a performance standard
Behavior control
Direct supervision
Management by objectives
Rules and standard operating procedures
Clan or employee group control
Unwritten and informal
Derives from training and socialization processes
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The Control Process
Determining areas to be controlled
Establishing of standards and expectations
Policies
Procedures
General orders or rules and regulations
Measuring performance
Line supervision techniques
Staff inspections
Audits and research
Taking corrective action
Circle the problem, consult people and records with information about the problem
Write a clear statement of the problem
Analyze the problem, seeking out multiple solutions
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Productivity Defined
Productivity can be defined as the targeted level of activity.
Increasing productivity means a greater return for a given investment.
Productivity is the relationship between resources used and resources obtained.
The level of police department productivity can be expressed by the ratio of outputs produced to the resources expended.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Increasing Police Productivity
Improve current practices to the best level known, to obtain better performance without a proportionate increase in cost
Allocate resources to the activities that give the highest return for each dollar spent
Increase the probability that a given goal will be met
Make the most of the police personnel’s talent
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Uses for Productivity Measures
Indicate the existence of particular problems
Indicate progress or lack of progress
Help identify areas in need of attention
Establish performance incentives
Provide accountability
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Traditional Measures of Police Productivity
Time spent at work
Arrest rates/citations issued
Percentage of arrests that lead to convictions
Citizen complaints against officers
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Contemporary Measures of Police Productivity
Totally eliminate the problem
Reduce the number of incidents (e.g., crime and disorder) that occur as a result of the problem
Reduce the seriousness of the incidents
Implement police procedures that handle incidents more effectively
“Co-actively” deal with the problem by enlisting the assistance of an agency better suited to deal with it
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Improving Police Productivity
Four criteria used to identify where productivity can be improved:
Operations that involve large numbers of employees who perform routine and repetitive tasks
Functions that require a large number of hours
Functions that normally result in work backlogs
High unit costs
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Strategies for Improving Productivity
Productivity bargaining
Capital investment
Management audit
Sound application of management principles
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
