Police Admin & Management Research Paper
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PoliceAdminChap.1.pptxPart I The Nature and Setting of Police Administration
Chapter 1
Introduction to Police Administration
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Learning Objectives
Understand the importance that administration plays in the operation of a police department.
Develop a familiarity with the roles of management and organization in police administration.
Discuss the role of supervisors, commanders, and administrators in the police organization.
Know the different goals of police organizations and how police departments attempt to fulfill goals and objectives.
Understand the different historical eras of policing and how the police functioned within each of these eras.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
How the Police Is a Unique Institution
Work
Diversity of roles and tasks
Charged with a lot of responsibilities
Authority
Can arrest and use deadly force
Availability
Expected to operate 24/7
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
What Is an Organization?
A group of people working together to accomplish a goal
The goal legitimizes the organization.
Suboptimization occurs when individuals concentrate on their own objectives without considering the overall goal.
Consciously coordinated
Implies management
Social entity
Composed of people who interact with each other
Relatively identifiable boundary
Jurisdiction or service population
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The Police Department as an Organization
Line personnel
Perform fundamental police activities or supervise them
Staff personnel
Help line personnel by providing support or assistance
Boundaries
The department’s goals and the people it serves
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
What Is Administration?
The general managing and organizing that occurs at the highest levels of an organization
Establishes the department’s purposes, mission, policies, and procedures
Develops ways of controlling the department so that personnel follow the guideposts
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Activities Associated with Administration
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Coordinating
Reporting
Budgeting
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
What Is Organization?
The structuring and staffing of people in the department
Facilitates working relationships and goal attainment
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
What Is Management?
The processes administrators, middle managers, and supervisors use to give an organization direction
Used to influence people to work toward organizational goals
The actions taken by administrators to implement decisions and policies
Consists of activities designed to induce cooperation and facilitate work
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Management Levels
The typical police organization resembles a military structure
Administrators (chief, assistant chief, majors)
Commanders or midlevel managers (captains and lieutenants)
Supervisors (sergeants)
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The Role of Managers
Assist employees by providing the equipment and technical support necessary for the employee to function effectively
Clarify tasks and guide the employee to become more effective
Give direction
Issue policies, procedures, and orders
Develop employees
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Aspects of Management
Organizational maintenance
Activities that maintain the department’s ability to respond to public needs
Includes: staffing, training, and organizational development
Enables the department to be in a better position to respond to situations
Adaptation
Public expectations and needs are constantly changing.
The department must change and adapt with the public.
Effective administrators are understanding visionaries.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
How Police Departments Differ From Other Organizations
Only the police possess legitimate arrest power and authority within our society.
Police departments are government organizations.
Public organizations exist within a political environment.
Governmental agencies do not have a profit motive.
The government is involved in the provision of services, not goods.
Bureaucratic governmental rules stymie creativity and flexibility.
Government has limited, inflexible resources.
A government must answer to its many and diverse citizens.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Problems of the Service Industry
Intangible product
Must have built-in flexibility for responding to differing service needs
Higher degree of customer participation
Must have immediate response timing
Labor-intensive
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Police Departments’ Mission
A mission statement gives the department’s purpose.
Notifies and educates people about the department’s values
Establishes what is important
Establishes a yardstick with which to measure successes and failures
Serves as a guide to establishing training and other socialization programs
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The Roles Served by Police Departments
Order maintenance
Focus on order by intervening in fights, etc.
Service
Assisting citizens with problems
Law enforcement
Focus on arrests and citations
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
What Are Goals?
The specific results or achievements toward which the police organization directs its efforts
Conditions or benchmarks the organization desires to achieve
State of affairs the organization strives to realize
Directly tied to the mission and roles of the organization
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Police Mission in the Political Era
Characterized as political, decentralized arms of the local politicians
Politicians dictated what laws were enforced, who was hired and who was promoted.
Primary roles of police:
Order maintenance
Provision of services to community
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Police Mission in the Progressive Reform Era
Shift from order maintenance and provision of services to law enforcement or crime fighting
Police given sole responsibility for crime reduction
Police used unethical means to meet public expectations
Police and public became adversaries
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Police Mission in the Professional Era
Police became professional law enforcers
Activities outside of law enforcement were viewed as chores
Service role deemphasized
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Police Mission in the Community Relations Era
Responded to increased violence by deepening role as crime fighters
Emphasis placed on arrests, citations and restoring order through force
Created isolation from community
Large minority population distrusted police and were uncooperative when confronted by police.
Crime is usually highest in minority communities.
Police departments implemented public and community relations programs.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The Return to Law and Order
Community relations programs of the ‘60s and ‘70s evolved into crime prevention programs.
Drug and crime wars persisted.
Some police began to recognize that law enforcement—in combination with social services—was a more effective strategy.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The Community Policing Era
Embraced by politicians and police toward the end of the ’80s and into the ’90s
Uses participatory management, geographic stability of assignment, and community involvement
Police engaged in diverse programs and tactics with the objective of developing a partnership with citizens to solve crimes
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Beyond 9/11: Policing and Homeland Security
For a police agency to be successful at catching terrorists, it must have positive relations with citizens and communities.
Local police are working more closely with state and federal agencies to collect intelligence and coordinate responses to threats.
Police departments are increasing their own intelligence operations.
Police are focusing on critical infrastructure vital to government and business.
© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
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