Paper due for American National Government class on Every Student Succeeds Act.

Week Two Annotated Bibliography Worksheet

By: Deeanne Rogers

A. Topic: Every Student Succeeds Act

1. I have selected Every Student Succeeds Act since I am in the Education field already. Federalism has had an influence in education on a larger scale since President Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965. It then became the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act in 2002, and in 2015 Obama signed ESSA. The impact that local, state, and government has on education is what forms our educational systems and that is forms our schools and students. The challenges that federalism in education is facing is that people are divided on what role should the government take in education vs. the role that the states should have.

B. Annotated Bibliography Sources: Will Decentralization Affect Educational Inequity?

Egalite, A., Fusarelli, L., and Fusarelli, B. (2017). Will Decentralization Affect Educational Inequity? The Every Student Succeeds Act. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/doi/pdf/10.1177/0013161X17735869

2. This article begins with the history of what this paper is all about. The Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 signed by President Obama. It replaced the NCLB Act which was the reauthorization of the ESEA of 1965 which provided federal funding to state education officials for the improvement of opportunities for low-income children. The writers also focus on how this Act may or may not affect state and local education. It considers existing research and speculates if the devolution of power will help the state and local officials enhance quality equity, or if it will make more separate and unequal schools. This is important to this paper because it covers a brief history of the federal involvement in education and how the Act could impact our schools. (Egalite, Fusarelli., and Fusarelli 2017)

C. Annotated Bibliography Sources: The State Role in K-12.

Gross, B., and Hill, P. (2016). The State Role in K-12 Education: From Issuing Mandates to Experimentation, Harvard Law & Policy Review. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxylibrary.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=13&sid=8c39566e-20e5-4333-8f25-8bf6f5c7a857%40sessionmgr4008

2. The role in the K through 12 educational programs has shifted again to the states. The review done my Harvard law discusses the challenges that states now face as they regain a leadership role in education policies and standards. Some problems that they face are student inequality access to quality schools, the fact that in 2013 51% of the students nationwide were from low-income families, and that student outcomes are low. In 1965 there was ground breaking legislation that created a federal role in K-12 to partner with states for funding schools. In the 70’s the National Commission called us a nation at risk. By the year 2000 we had the Goals 2000 Educate America Act. When the NCLB act came into the picture it was more about performance-based accountability. Now we have ESEA to return policy authority back to the states. This is a great example of our checks and balances in action. They split up the authority between federal and state governments so it holds everyone accountable. (Gross, Hill 2016)

D. Annotated Bibliography Sources: Social Media in the Politics of Education.

Supovitz, J. (2017) Social media is the new player in the politics of education. Phi Delta Kappan. Vol. 99 Issue 3, 50.; Phi Delta Kappa, Inc. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=11&sid=31b3648d-832c-4148-8c34-6e80d14c1c5a%40sessionmgr4009

2. Jonathan Supovitz tracked a debate about Common Core on Twitter for three years. What they found was that social media plays a larger part of political debates and policy’s then ten years ago. The debate also became more than just the advocacy and opposition of Common Core, people also had interest in the federal role in education, what should be the state and local roles in education, and fears that businesses could exploit public education for private gain. Social media has become an open forum for groups or individuals change the broadcast of information and some groups advocating their views can become powerful and sometimes harmful. Something as small as Common Core can bring Twitter feeds up but are we losing site of the real issues at hand like Every Student Succeeds Act. (Supovitz, 2017)

E. Annotated Bibliography Sources: Reinvesting in Public Education.

Fudge, M. (2017) Reinvesting in Public Education, A Cornerstone for America’s Success. Harvard Journal on Legislation, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p201-224, 24p. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=2cbc88e6-e1e7-4b16-8b7f-e1b7d0ae2c00%40sessionmgr4008

2. Representative Marcia Fudge wrote a policy essay that embodies the correlation of politics and the success of the educational system we have currently. She speaks about how children’s access to quality education is a dominant key to their success, struggles within school districts, resources, and stresses the importance of curriculum and achievement measures. A concern is poverty still is persistent in our country and schools and students suffer because of it. Access to quality education has not been equitable and still may not be due to continuing segregation. She claims that the foundation of the education policy is a function of our basic civil rights but we need to do more. There should be a universal pre-k program for equal education. This paper will be used to show the correlation of how politics influence this policy and can sway how people vote. (Fudge, 2017)