Please complete the outline assignment. Use the Point/Counterpoint Outline Instructions for directions.

State the question from the list of approved topics, word for word.

Should Naloxone be allowed to be administered by anyone in order to save a life in case of a narcotic overdose emergency?

Introduce the topic and include the point and counterpoint without providing an opinion.

Brief introduction (NO OPINION): Naloxone effectively reverses narcotic overdose, is legal to possess with a prescription, is fairly inexpensive, and has no psychotropic effects or potential for abuse. Supporters say: Those who support widespread distribution of naloxone and advocate for training lay people to use it say it will potentially save more human lives. Opposers say: Those against its widespread use fear possible accidental overdoses, masking the addiction problem, or potential increase in drug use.

#1 Argument FOR. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?)

Succinctly state the lst argument in 1 sentence: Naloxone is easy and safe to administer:

Then briefly elaborate: Naloxone is easy to administer with proper education, awareness and training. Intranasal administration of naloxone has multiple benefits compared to intravenous routes, including no required medical intravenous venipuncture skills, and eliminates the risks of needle-stick injuries and blood-borne diseases.

In-text citation: (Bazazi, Zaller, Fu, & Rich, 2010).

#2 Argument FOR. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?)

Succinctly state the 2nd argument in 1 sentence: Naloxene can be administered by anyone.

Then briefly elaborate: People without professional medical backgrounds have demonstrated competence using other methods to respond to an emergency. Anyone with initiative and ability to follow easy instructions can save the life of someone who overdoses on opioids. In-text citation: (Enteen et al., 2010)

#3 Argument FOR. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?)

Succinctly state the 3rd argument in 1 sentence: Naloxone can prevent drug overdoses.

Then briefly elaborate: Many professionals support more widespread use of intranasal naloxone by non-advanced life support providers. Removing the barrier that prevents EMTs from administering naloxone could help prevent thousands of drug overdose deaths annually

In-text citation: (Faul et al., 2015).

Concluding Sentence:

Anyone with initiative and ability to follow easy instructions can save the life of someone who overdoses on opioids.

Transition (i.e., On the other hand)

Transition: Whereas widespread distribution of naloxone may seem good on its face, it could lead to further complications, such as possible accidental overdoses, perpetuation of addiction or increase in drug use.

#1 Argument AGAINST. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?)

Succinctly state the lst argument in 1 sentence: Naloxone can give a false sense of security.

Then briefly elaborate: Narcotics abusers may develop a false sense of security that having access to naloxone may make them safe from an overdose. Users may increase their drug dosages due to this bravado. Users may simply increase their overall intake to off-set any withdrawal effects.

In-text citation: (Strang et al., 1999).

#2 Argument AGAINST. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?)

Succinctly state the 2nd argument in 1 sentence: Naloxone does not address the core problem of addiction.

Then briefly elaborate: A major benefit for receiving treatment from a doctor at a medical facility is the opportunities offered to attend intervention programs to eliminate the addict’s drug using and seeking behaviors and to have safe treatment. Distributing naloxone does not address the core problem which is the actual addiction

In-text citation: (Lakenau et al., 2015).

#3 Argument AGAINST. Include in-text citation(s) in APA format (where did you get the information from?)

Succinctly state the 3rd argument in 1 sentence: Naloxone requires medical monitoring.

Then briefly elaborate: Participants from other studies were reluctant to administer naloxone, because giving the medication to a patient requires constant medical surveillance and monitoring until they are fully revived or until a higher echelon of medical care arrives

In-text citation: (Breedvelt, Tracey, Dickenson, & Dean, 2015).

Concluding Sentence:

Distributing naloxone may be a good gesture, but the risks of increased drug use, accidental overdoses and masking the core problem of addiction outweigh the benefits.

A closing paragraph in which you state your opinion.

(GIVE YOUR OPINION) I think the benefits greatly do outweigh the risks here, and having been a former first responder to an overdose call before, and having administered two rounds of 0.4 mg of Naloxone intravenously before resuscitating a heavily sedated patient, I can say that the medication is definitely effective and I stand by its use, if used correctly and for the right purposes.

AT LEAST 4 sources from peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports or other textbooks, using APA 6th edition. List in alphabetical order.

Reference #1 (must be listed as an in-text citation above at least once)

Bazazi, A. R., Zaller, N. D., Fu, J. J., & Rich, J.D. (2010). Preventing opiate overdose deaths: Examining objections to take-home naloxone. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 21(4), 1108-13. Retrieved from

https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/ 816192333?accountid=25320

Reference #2 (must be listed as an in-text citation above at least once)

Breedvelt, J. J. F., Tracey, D. K., Dickenson, E. C., & Dean, L. V. (2015). "Take home" naloxone: What does the evidence base tell us? Drugs and Alcohol Today, 15 (2), 67-75. Retrieved from

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Reference #3 (must be listed as an in-text citation above at least once)

Enteen, L., Bauer, J., Mclean, R., Wheeler, E., Huriaux, E., Kral, A. H., & Bamberger, J. D.

(2010). Overdose prevention and naloxone prescription for opioid users in San Francisco. Journal of Urban Health, 87(6), 931-41.

doi: http://dx.doi.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11524 - 010 - 9495 - 8

Reference #4 (must be listed as an in-text citation above at least once)

Faul, M., Dailey, M. W., Sugerman, D. E., Sasser, S. M., Levy, B., & Paulozzi, L. J. (2015). Disparity in naloxone administration by emergency medical service providers and the burden of drug overdose in US rural communities. American Journal of Public Health, 105, E26E32. Retrieved from

https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/ 1687987375?accountid=25320

As many other references as you want to add.

Lankenau, S. E., Wagner, K. D., Silva, K., Kecojevic, A., Iverson, E., Mcneely, M., & Kral, A. H. (2013). Injection drug users trained by overdose prevention programs: Responses to witnessed overdoses. Journal of Community Health, 38(1), 133-41.

doi: http://dx.doi.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10900 - 012 - 9591 - 7

Strang, J., Powis, B., Best, D., Vingoe, L., Griffiths P, Taylor C, Welch S, & Gossop M. (1999). Preventing opiate overdose fatalities with take-home naloxone: Pre-launch study of possible impact and acceptability. Addiction, 94(2), 199-204. Retrieved from

https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.nuls.idm.oclc.org/docview/ 199558588?accountid=25320

Format for journal articles: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number if available), page range. doi:0000000/000000000000 or https://doi.org/10.0000/0000

Format for websites: Author, A. A. & Author B. B. (Date of publication). Title of page. Retrieved from https://www.someaddress.com/full/url/