Table

Neurotransmitters Chart

Function (Excitatory or Inhibitory)

Locations

Receptors

Effects of Deficient

Effects of Surplus

Agonist Drug

Antagonist Drug

Acetylcholine

Excitatory- affects muscle movement, memory, arousal and helps maintain concentration. It plays as role in sustaining rapid eye movement while sleeping

Located in the PNS, CNS,

Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors

Effects Alzheimer’s disease, myasthemia Gravis, memory loss

Muscle contraction, muscle spams.

Muscle weakness,

Paralysis

Bethanechol, pilocarpine, Cevimeline

Oxyphenonium, Flavoxate, Oxybutynin, Trospium, atrophine

Dopamine

Both Inhibitory and excitatory. It is associated with the reward mechanism of the brain. Affects the inhabitation of prolactin, Disease affected include ADHD, RLS or Parkinson’s disease

Hypothalamus

CNS

Substantia Nigra

Ventral Tegmental Area

D1, D2, C3, D4, D4, and D5. Hippocampal dentate

Parkinson’s Disease, RLS, ADHD, Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia and drug addiction, and mania.

Pramipexole, Ropinirole,

Pergolide

Bromocriptine

Rotigotine

Ziprasidone, Droperidol

Haloperidol

Loxapine,

Remoxipride

Thiethylperazine,

Endorphins

Inhibitory

Released in response to stress of pain. It can improve mood and overall wellbeing. Can also be released during enjoyable activities

Pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

B-Endorphins- CNS

Opioids receptors

Pre and Post Nerve Synaptic

When released it can increase result in certain illnesses. Depression, anxiety, body aches, addiction.

Depression, low testosterone,

Decreases sex drive,

Fatigue

Opioids

Methadone

Naloxone

GABA

Inhibitory-

Considered and Amino acid. As a neurotransmitter it sends messages from one neuron to another. Results in relaxation.

As an inhibitory N/T it inhibits the transmission of other signals.

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Basal Ganglia

Brainstem

GABAc

Globus pallidus

Low muscle tone,

Hyperactive responses

Tremors,

Huntington disease

Anxiety

Eating disorders,

Sleeping disorder

Autism

Intellectual

disability

Baclofen

Zolpidem

Sonata

Pheno-barbital

Placarbil

Flumazenil

Metrazol

Pentetrazol

Benzodiazepine

SGS-742

Glutamate

Excitatory

Critical for thought memory and management of mood.

CNS

Synaptic vesicles in nerve terminals

AMPA

Kainite

Glia

Brain

Spine cord

Huntington’s disease

Mental exhaustion

Difficulty with concentration

Anxiety

Stroke

Autism

Spectrum disorders

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AMPA

Quisqualis acid

Topiramate

Glutamic acid

Haloperidol

Memantine

Ketamine

Agmatine

Amantadine

Glycine

Inhibitory functions an a anti-inflammatory antioxidant

Spinal cord, CNS

Glyr

Vertebrates. CNS

Brainstem

Hyperclycemia weakness

Decreased muscle tone

Hypotonia

Hyperglycinemia

Encephalopathy

Atropine

D- Alanine

D-Serine

L-Prolne

L-serine

Quisqualamine,

Milacemide

Brucine, thiocolchicoside

Pitrazepin

Picrotoxin

Tutin

Norepinephrine

Excitatory- greatest release during the fight or flight response. Released at its lowest during sleep. It raises arousal, alertness, improves memory function. Can elevate blood pressure, HR and blood flow to GI tract

Locus Coeruleus

Brain and spinal cord.

Alpha 1

Alpha 2

Beta receptors

Mood disorders

Depression

ADHD

Changes in vital signs

Hyperactivity

Rapid HR

Sweating

HTN

Irritability

Phenylephrine

Isoetharine

Droxidopa

Midodrine

Pseudoephedrine

Catarpress

Risperdal

Lopressor

Sulpiride

Nisoxetine

Serotonin

Inhibitory improves sexual desire, sleep, and bone health. Moves through the body and between brain cells to transmit messages.

CNS- Raphe Nuclei

5-HT1

5-HT2

5-HT4

5-HT6

5-Ht7

Hyperactivity

Digestive

Phobia

Post stress disorder

Shivering

Hyerreflexia

AMS

Autonomic hyperactivity and Autism.

Frovatriptan

Egotamine

Eletriptan

Zolmitriptan

Lisuride

Rizatriptan

Zoloft

Clozapine

Risperidone

Alosetron

Ketanserin

Ziprasidone

Cyproheptadine

Dolasetron

Antipsychotics

First Generation

Side Effects (L=Low, M=Moderate, H=High)

Generic Name

Trade Name

Route(s) of Administration

LAI option

Starting Dose

Half Life

Indications (s/sx & diagnosis)

MOA (neurotransmitter effects)

EPS

Hyperlipidemia

T2DM

Weight Gain

Cognitive Issue

Other SE

Costs

Second Generation

Antidepressants, Anxiolytics & Mood Stabilizers

Antidepressants

Side Effects (L=Low, M=Moderate, H=High)

Generic Name

Trade Name

Route(s) of Administration

LAI option

Starting Dose

Half Life

Indications (s/sx & diagnosis)

MOA (neurotransmitter effects)

EPS

Hyperlipidemia

T2DM

Weight Gain

Cognitive Issue

Other SE

Costs

SSRIs

Sertraline

Zoloft

Oral

No LAI

SNRIs

TCAs

MAOIs

Atypical

Anxiolytics

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Mood Stabilizers

Generic Name

Trade Name

Route(s) of Administration

LAI Option

Starting Dose

Half Life

Indications (s/sx & diagnosis)

MOA (neurotransmitter effects)

EPS

Hyperlipidemia

T2DM

Weight Gain

Cognitive Issue

Other SE

Costs

Substance Use