Please Reply to the following 2 Discussion posts

Please Reply to the following 2 Discussion posts:

Requirement

APA format with intext citation

Word count minimum of 150 words per post

References at least one high-level scholarly reference per post within the last 5 years in APA format.

Plagiarism free.

Turnitin receipt.

DISCUSSION POST #1 Helena

An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is also a registered nurse (RN), but their scope of practice is different. Both provide patient care by various methods, but the main dissimilarity between them is the degree of patient care provided. APRNs have advanced training and education, usually a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing, and they are able to assess, diagnose, prescribe, and provide medical treatments to their patients (Schirle et al., 2020). The United States only acknowledges four APRN roles, such as nurse practitioners (NP), certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA), certified nurse-midwives (CNM), and clinical nurse specialists (CNS) (Schirle et al., 2020).

One of the existing nursing theories that can be applied to advanced practice nursing is Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory (SCDNT). Orem developed this theory in order to promote better health outcomes through nursing interventions (Yip, 2021). When SCDNT is applied to the APRNs’ primary healthcare settings, it can provide a theoretical framework for how APRNs perform diagnostic, prescriptive, treatment, and case management interventions (Yip, 2021). 

The role of the APRN in the primary care setting is to administer practicable nursing and medical interventions to promote the best possible self-care of the patient, and this is considered as case management (Yip, 2021). Prior to prescribing appropriate treatments, APRNs need to assess how the patient can manage self-care within the given circumstances (Yip, 2021). Thus, evaluations must consider the patient’s current situation, and possible newly arranged living places or nursing facilities, and this is diagnostic (Yip, 2021). In addition, Orem’s theory provides guidance to APRNs on how they can understand their patient as an agent who can grow, develop, and be an active participant in the self-care process (Yip, 2021).

DISCUSSION POST #2 Nozomi

According to Joel (2018), an advanced practice nurse, or APRN, is defined as an RN who has completed a graduate degree or postgraduate program that has prepared him or her to practice in one of the four roles: Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM), Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), or Certified Nurse Practitioners (CNP). Furthermore, APRNs will have to have received advanced education in at least one of the six population areas: family, adult-gerontology, pediatrics, neonatal, women’s health, or psychiatric/mental health (Partin, 2019). Additionally, the difference between RN and APRNs can also be found in their roles and expectations. Stanley et al. (2019) describe APRNs as “highly qualified clinicians who provide cost-effective, accessible, patient-centered care and have the education to provide the range of services at the heart of the reform movement, including care coordination, chronic care management, and wellness and preventive care.” In other words, APRNs are not only expected to provide high-quality patient care, but they are also responsible for being at the forefront of the healthcare reform and devising new ways to effectively provide patient care. They are leaders and educators, as well as researchers. Thus, the role of the APRN is wider and more advanced than the RN role.  In summary, APRNs are nurses with advanced degrees and have a broader perspective on the nursing profession and healthcare as a whole (Partin, 2019).

Even if an RN is an expert in his or her field, that individual can become a novice once again when they begin their journey as an NP. Thus, it is clear that one to transition from the RN to the APRN role, he or she must go through major changes not only in the form of education but also through a shift in perspectives and attitudes. When individuals experience changes, they often go through a transition period that may at times be difficult or uncomfortable. One nursing theory that illustrates this transition process is Meleis’s Transitions Theory. This theory claims that there are certain personal or community-level conditions that either enhance or inhibit the process of transition (Barnes, 2017). In her study, Barnes (2017) sought to find out if receiving formal orientation (a community-level condition) will assist RNs in transitioning successfully into the NP role. For the study, a successful transition was defined as competence, mastery of skills, and autonomous practice (Barnes, 2017). Conversely, an unsuccessful transition was characterized by negative emotions, lack of confidence, high turnover, and limited support (Barnes, 2017). As a result, Barnes (2017) found that the provision of formal orientation for new NPs led to a better transition into the role. Interestingly, Barnes (2017) also found that prior nursing experience did not affect the transition process. Thus, community-level conditions, such as formal orientation, could enhance the transition process from the RN to the NP role.