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PLEASE REBUTTAL, RESPOND AND ANSWER EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS OR POST STATEMENTS. MUST BE 150 WORDS (PLEASE), WRITE IN 3RD PERSON. MUST BE 150 WORDS. (PLEASE), WRITE IN 1st PERSON.PLEASE MAKE SURE TO USE SCHOLARLY PEER REVIEWED ARTICLES AND PLACE EACH REFERENCE USED UNDER EACH ANSWER.

The article, Public Service Motivation and Institutional-Occupational Motivations Among Undergraduate Students and ROTC Cadets by Ngaruiya, K. M., Velez, A.-L. K., Clerkin, R. M., & Taylor, J. K. (2014), looks to understand why people enlist in the military. Specifically, it evaluates what motivates Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets differently than those who just went to undergraduate college. The problem the authors see is that because military funding has been reduced, it impacts the types of salaries military staff will receive and therefore recruitment and retention of enlistees. I do believe that the research problem is clearly stated with three hypothesize to be tested using a 20-item public service motivation (PSM) survey instrument combined with an Institutional-Occupational (I-O) model Likert scale, which are appropriate. The authors convey that the research will provide a further understanding of why people enlist but suggests further research is needed to determine how to use the institutional and intrinsic motivators as extrinsic motivators like monetary incentives are becoming less effective.

The author’s review quite a lot of literature to identify some of the reasons people (students) enlist. Some of the literature leads them to correlate enlistment motivation to public sector works getting public jobs, in general, which is what leads them to use the PSM and I-O model (Ngaruiya et al, 2014). This is where they develop their hypothesis and use the online survey instruments to test them on some 290 college students and 104 ROTC students at a mid-western university, interestingly, with control variables of race, gender, and religion (Ngaruiya et al, 2014). Notwithstanding, the independent and dependent variables were clearly defined.

The results affirm two of their three hypothesis which supports the idea that there is hope for the military to effectively recruit and retain without emphasis on monetary rewards (Ngaruiya et al, 2014). I do not recall a full critique of the literature except that more research is needed to go beyond the sample group for a more broad and diverse population.

All in all, I do not think the study uses as much literature to justify the topic as it does to justify the research method, particularly as it pertains to PSM, but I could be wrong. From my perspective, it eluded a correlation into why people go into public service in general (Ngaruiya et al, 2014), but I think, respectfully, that there is a significant difference between going to work or the IRS as an auditor and going into the military. I do think the research is justified because it asks a good research question and has a clear research method (Ballinger, 2008). However, I cannot say that it is grounded in literature. While it the author has 39 sources, 10 of which were within the past 5 years and a single citation had no date of reference at all, it supports the method, more than the question, in my opinion. Perhaps I was looking for more to address the correlation and why this research would carry the same argument regarding motivators?

References:

Ballinger, C. (2008). Research Justification. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909.n392

Ngaruiya, K. M., Velez, A.-L. K., Clerkin, R. M., & Taylor, J. K. (2014). Public service motivation and institutional-occupational motivations among undergraduate students and ROTC cadets. Public Personnel Management, 43(4), 442–458. Retrieved from https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=6e7ef19f-b4e0-4424-970b-53780946c804%40sessionmgr102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=107840045&db=rzh

An article written by Radnor and O’Mahoney (2013) “The role of management consultancy in implementing operations management in the public sector” and published by International Journal of Operations & Production Management, explored the use of management consultants in the public sector. This issue was examined within the context of an intersection—the increasing influence of management consultants on operations management methods and the subsequent use of these methods in the public sector (Radnor & O’Mahoney, 2013). The article also indicated that this type of engagement had become a growing trend.

Summary

Radnor and O’Mahoney (2013) examined the cause and effect of this increase used of management consultancies. The authors cited the “efficiency agenda” introduced by Western government as one plausible reason for this growth in using management consultants in the public sector. Improvements, regarding the implementation of process management and other methodologies were noticeable (Guthrie, 2007, as cited by Radnor & O’Mahoney, 2013). The findings were presented under key themes—service development, client relationship management, and client context.

Analysis

Distinguishing characteristics of this study can be examined using the Litmus Test as a guide. This method identifies the relevant hallmarks that determines the authenticity of a research contribution. Firstly, the study must be justified. In this context, a justified research provides evidence—statistic or documentable discrepancies—that depict a problem (Walden, 2015). Secondly, the authors must articulate the problem in a manner that is grounded in literature. This approach denotes framing the problem in a theoretical or conceptual framework (Walden, 2015). Lastly, the research problem must be original. Hence, the subject that is being explored must depict a meaningful gap in research literature (Walden, 2015). Further analysis can be deduced by evaluating the research problem and the authors’ use of literature.

Evaluating the Research Problem

There are specific criteria that dictate how a problem statement is incorporated into research. One requirement is that the problem that created the need for the study must be identifiable (Blackboard, n.d.). Radnor and O’Mahoney (2013) identified the research problem as the inverse impact of public sector engagements on management consultancies. The rationale for the research was to add to the limited amount of literature that focuses on the consultancy experience—transferring from the private sector to the public sector (Radnor & O’Mahoney, 2013). In addition, the problem also framed in a manner that is consistent with the research approach. The problem statement conveyed that the use of management consultants in the public sector is not new, but it creates an intersection that need to be explored (Radnor & O’Mahoney, 2013). Apart from seminal work, the authors’ use of citation that was more than five years at the time of publishing. Hence, the research was not limited to current literature.

Evaluating the Authors’ use of Literature

The article depicted an effective usage of literature. In a research, the effective use of literature is important in introducing the problem, theory, and provide guidance for the research questions (Blackboard, n.d.). The authors provided direction to the research questions—RQ1 and RQ2. In addition, this research drew on existing knowledge—commodification literature. Radnor and O’Mahoney (2013) also summarized the key results of the research. These results were also compared to existing literature. Information concerning the sample—participants was provided. The participant amounted to over 48 interviews—drawn from qualitative data from six management consultancies (Radnor & O’Mahoney, 2013). Overall, the literature used in the research was relevant and justified the significance of topic being explored.

References:

Blackboard, Inc. (n.d). Learning resources: Use of literature checklist. Retrieved from

http:// class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201830

Blackboard, Inc. (n.d). Learning resources: Problem statement checklist. Retrieved from

http:// class.waldenu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201830

Radnor, Z., & O’Mahoney, J. (2013). The role of management consultancy in implementing operations management in the public sector. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 33(11), 1555–1578.

Walden University (2015c). Research resources: Research planning and writing. Retrieved from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/researchcenter/resources/planning.