Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft

Literature Evaluation Table Student Name:

Summary of Clinical Issue (200-250 words):

Diabetes is a common underlying condition that is affecting many people, especially older individuals. According to the CDC reports, 34.5% of adults in the United States have prediabetes, and 13 percent live with diabetes. It is a metabolic disease that leads to elevated blood sugar in individuals. The insulin hormone transfers sugar from the blood into the body cells for storage and conversion into energy. The body of individuals with diabetes does not produce sufficient insulin or fails to use the insulin it produces. There are various natural mechanisms and medications commonly used to lower blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. However, natural mechanisms are recommended by most healthcare providers and preferred by most patients. Two of the frequently used mechanisms are regular physical exercises and diet. Regular physical exercises help diabetic patients to increase insulin sensitivity. Besides, it helps individuals maintain a moderate body weight, which is necessary to prevent or manage diabetes. Also, physical exercises enable the muscles to use blood sugar for contraction and energy, thus lowering blood sugar levels. On the other hand, there are several ways to control diabetes using diet, including eating healthier carbohydrates, eating less processed meat, red meat, salt, choosing healthier fats, and eating many fruits and vegetables.

PICOT Question: In older diabetic patients, do regular physical exercises help to regulate blood sugar compared to regulating diet within one year?

Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3

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APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink

Subrata, T., Lestarini, A., & Sari, K. (2018). Physical Exercises Effectiveness in Controlling

Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Group in Bali - Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Materials

Science And Engineering, 434, 012228. https://doi.org/

10.1088/1757-899x/ 434/1/012228

Faizah, R., Efendi, F., & Suprajitno, S. (2021). The effects of foot exercise with audiovisual and group support foot exercises to diabetes mellitus patients. Journal Of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. https:// doi.org/10.1007/ s40200-021-00756-9

The health behaviors’ modification for controlling and prevention of diabetes mellitus by using promise model at premruthai pravate community Bangkok. (2016), 2(3). https:// doi.org/10.20474/jahms2.3.3

How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?

It addresses the issue of physical exercises in controlling diabetes in the elderly, hence entails the P, I, and O of the question.

It analysis the effect of foot exercises on diabetes mellitus.

It addresses the issue of behavior modification, including diet and exercises in controlling and preventing diabetes.

Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)

Qualitative. Exercises were administered to patients and results were taken.

Quantitative. Some variables such as foot sensation and ABPI were measured and statistical analysis conducted.

Qualitative. It mainly involved training awareness.

Purpose Statement To examine the effectiveness of physical exercises in controlling diabetes mellitus in the elderly.

To analyze the effect of audiovisual and group support exercises on the foot sensation and ankle-brachial pressure index.

Effectiveness of health modification behaviors in controlling and preventing diabetes.

Research Question Are physical exercises effective in controlling diabetes mellitus in the elderly?

Do group support exercises and audiovisuals have an effect on foot sensation and ankle-brachial foot exercises.

Is health behavior modification effective in controlling and prevention of diabetes mellitus?

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Outcome Physical exercises effectively reduce blood glucose in the elderly up to 14.63%.

There was a difference in how foot sensation and ABPI were influenced in each group.

Lack of exercise and eating spicy foods risk factors accounted for 40.7% and 24.7%, respectively.

Setting (Where did the study take place?)

In a controlled facility. In an experiment room. In a conference room.

Sample A group of diabetes patients. The sample size was 156 obtained through the purposive sampling technique.

Twenty-eight individuals were chosen by purposive sampling from the community.

Method Procedures of special physical exercises were administered to these diabetes patients.

The sample was divided into three groups, and foot exercise experience, foot sensation, and ABPI measure. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and paired sample t-test.

The research design was based on the four-time meeting, each meeting consisting of planning, action, observe and reflect steps. The main activities were training awareness about health behavior change.

Key Findings of the Study

Physical exercises are effective in controlling blood sugar levels in the elderly and in managing diabetes.

Group support foot exercises and audiovisual influenced foot sensation and ankle-brachial pressure index in diabetic mellitus patients.

Telling people about the risk factors and how to avoid them is critical in controlling diabetes.

Recommendations of the Researcher

Healthcare facilities and government to establish physical exercises and counseling programs to prevent and reduce the occurrence of diabetes in the community.

The intervention is effective for diabetic patients who would like to experience the benefits of exercise and group support.

Awareness teams to make a sustainable approach structured in accordance with activities that blend into daily life.

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Criteria Article 4 Article 5 Article 6

APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink

Appuhamy, J., Kebreab, E., Simon, M., Yada, R., Milligan, L., & France, J. (2014). Effects of diet and exercise interventions on diabetes risk factors in adults without diabetes: meta-analyses of controlled trials. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 6(1). https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1758-5996-6-127

Kime, N., Pringle, A., Rivett, M., & Robinson, P. (2018). Physical activity and exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes: understanding their needs using a person-centered approach. Health Education Research, 33(5), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.1093/ her/cyy028

Asif, M. (2014). The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern. Journal Of Education And Health Promotion, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/ 10.4103/2277-9531.127541

How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?

It evaluates exercise plus diet interventions in reducing diabetes risk factors.

The article covers the P (adults), I (physical exercises and C (diabetes) components.

The article analyses how lifestyle changes such as regular exercises and dietary habits help in diabetes prevention.

Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)

Quantitative because it uses results of previous studies to draw statistical conclusions.

Qualitative. The study was based on people’s views.

Quantitative because it evaluates the correlation between lifestyle changes and diabetes prevention.

Purpose Statement To evaluate the effects of exercise and diet interventions in diabetes risk factors in adults without diabetes.

To evaluate the importance of physical activity and exercise in the management of diabetes.

The relationship between lifestyle changes and dietary patterns to diabetes prevention.

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Research Question Are diet and exercise interventions effective in reducing diabetes risk factors in adults without diabetes?

Are exercise and physical activity in the management of diabetes?

Is there a significant relationship between lifestyle changes, dietary patterns and diabetes prevention?

Outcome Fat intake and calorie restrictions together with aerobic exercises significantly improved diabetes risk factors. In health adults,

Participants agreed that it was easier and more effective to control diabetes with physical activity as part of their routine.

Regular physical activity can delay or prevent the development of type-1 diabetes.

Setting (Where did the study take place?)

Controlled study room In a conference hall Not specified

Sample 18, 23, 24, 29, 30 and 29 MEDLINE and EMBASE articles.

Purposive sampling was used to derive a sample of diabetes patients attending a hospital in England.

150 people without diabetes selected through purposive sampling,

Method The sample studies were used for BMI, HDL, SBP, TAG, FG and FI. Research participants in the control group continued with their dietary habits and regular exercise without counselling,

Interviews and focus groups were used to collect data to ally participants to explore and give views and experiences about physical activity and diabetes.

The individual’s lifestyle was analyzed and correlated to diabetes risk factors present in their lives.

Key Findings of the Study

Minimizing FI is crucial in diabetes prevention.

The frequency and intensity of physical activities have a significant impact on the management of diabetes.

Individuals who adhered to healthy lifestyles has lower chances of getting diabetes.

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Recommendations of the Researcher

Lifestyle changes are the key component in diabetes prevention in healthy adults.

The HCPs should be at the forefront in appraising social support and providing information in the form of education about physical activity and diabetes.

The public health has a crucial role in educating people about health lifestyles,

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