Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Cpark1210
PICOTQuestionandLiteratureSearchmusy.docx8
PICOT Question and Literature Search
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PICOT Question and Literature Search
Summary of the Clinical Issue
Incidences of UTIs amongst catheterized patients are common healthcare issues that many healthcare organizations grapple with. The condition is caused by several factors, such as failure to take proper hygienic measures during catheterization (Meddings et al., 2019). It may also be used by factors such as failure to drain the urine bag frequently, or effectively, exposing the patient to microbial growth (Topal et al., 2019). Often, the problem is attributed to inadequate nursing care due to factors such as exhaustion due to heavy workloads or burnouts among the professionals (Murphy et al., 2021, Hernandez et al., 2019). According to Gad and AbdelAziz (2021), statistics show that UTIs are the second most prevalent secondary infection that patients contract in a clinical setting.
The need to reduce the rampancy of the nursing problem in the clinical setting gives rise to the clinical question: In catheterized patients, can decreasing patient-nurse ratios compared to making no changes help reduce UTIs in a period of two months? The various components of the clinical question are as follows: the population (P) is catheterized patients, intervention (I) is decreasing patient-nurse ratios, the comparison factor (C) is making no changes, the outcome (O) is reducing UTIs, and the time (T) is two months. The study's findings will help compile significant evidence that can be applied in the clinical setting to minimize the clinical issue (Parker et al., 2017). It will reduce incidences of infection in the patient, hence decreasing the duration that the patients are hospitalized, lowering the cost of treatment, and foster positive outcomes in the treatment process.
In conclusion, many catheterized patients contract UTIs because they lack adequate nursing care. The ailments cause deterioration of their health and increase the time they are hospitalized. Therefore, there is a need to investigate and unearth measures to reduce UTIs in the clinical setting and promote a positive response to the treatment process.
Literature Search
|
Article |
Relationship of Articles to the PICOT Question |
Research Design |
Purpose Statement |
Research Question |
Outcome |
|
Gad, M. H., & AbdelAziz, H. H. (2021). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature. Cureus, 13(7). https://www.cureus.com/articles/60449-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-in-the-adult-patient
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The article explores the relationship between the number of nurses in a unit and the incidence of UTIs |
Qualititative research |
To determine the clinical units that are prone to nurse-sensitive indicators due to inadequate staffing levels |
What is the influence of understaffing on nursing-sensitive indicators like UTIs? |
Critical care units where nurses had to care for fewer patients had fewer UTI cases than general wards where nurses cared for more patients. |
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Hernandez, M., King, A., & Stewart, L. (2019). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention and nurses' checklist documentation of their indwelling catheter management practices. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 35(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monina-Hernandez/publication/340445613_Catheter-associated_urinary_tract_infection
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The article analyses how the staffing levels affect the effectiveness of nurses, which is in tandem with the PICOT question. |
Quantitative study |
To determine how nursing staffing levels determined their ability to complete nursing tasks effectively. |
How do the nurse-patient ratios affect the competency of nurses in performing their roles? |
Nurses who had a lesser number of patients to care for completed their tasks more effectively. |
|
Meddings, J., Manojlovich, M., Ameling, J. M., Olmsted, R. N., Rolle, A. J., Greene, M. T., ... & Saint, S. (2019). Quantitative results of a national intervention to prevent hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a pre–post observational study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S38-S44. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3534
|
The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates the factors that cause the prevalence of UTIs. |
Qualitative study |
To scrutinize the correlation between factors inherent in the organization, such as staffing levels, on the prevalence of UTIs. |
Do the factors present in healthcare organizations affect the performance of the healthcare professional. |
The modalities in healthcare organizations, such as the staffing levels, reduce the quality of care patients receive. |
|
Murphy, A., Griffiths, P., Duffield, C., Brady, N. M., Scott, A. P., Ball, J., & Drennan, J. (2021). Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14860
|
The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates how inadequate staffing levels cause nurse-sensitive indicators like UTIs, |
Qualitative study |
To explore the impact of nursing-sensitive indications such as UTIs on the duration of patients' stay in hospital. |
Do nursing-sensitive indicators such as UTIs increase the duration that patients stay in hospitals? |
Patients who are not adequately cared for due to inadequate staffing levels stay in patients for extended periods. |
|
Parker, V., Giles, M., Graham, L., Suthers, B., Watts, W., O'Brien, T., & Searles, A. (2017). Avoiding inappropriate urinary catheter use and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI): a pre-post control intervention study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-017-2268-2
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The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates how reduced patient-nurse ratios reduce incidences of UTIs. |
Quanitative study |
To investigate how reducing the number of patients that nurses handle impacts the quality of care, they deliver to patients |
Can increasing staffing levels reduce incidences of UTIs in healthcare organizations? |
Adequate staffing levels reduce incidences of UTIs in a clinical setting. |
|
Topal, J., Conklin, S., Camp, K., Morris, V., Balcezak, T., & Herbert, P. (2019). Republished: Prevention of Nosocomial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Through Computerized Feedback to Physicians and a Nurse-Directed Protocol. American Journal of Medical Quality, 34(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1062860619873170
|
The article relates to the PICOT question by analyzing the outcome of increasing nurse staffing levels. |
Quantitative study |
To investigate the impact of increasing nursing staffing levels on patient outcomes. |
Does increasing the nurse staffing levels increase the quality of care that patients receive? |
Increasing nurse staffing levels increases the quality of care that patients receive. |
|
Article |
Setting |
Sample |
Method |
Key Findings of the Study |
Recommendations |
|
Gad, M. H., & AbdelAziz, H. H. (2021). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature. Cureus, 13(7). https://www.cureus.com/articles/60449-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-in-the-adult-patient
|
Hospital |
15 units for caring which cared for patients with different medical needs |
Regression model of analysis |
Inadequate nursing staffing levels contributed to adverse outcomes such as incidence of UTIs |
Healthcare organizations should use adequate staffing levels to reduce nursing-sensitive indicators. |
|
Hernandez, M., King, A., & Stewart, L. (2019). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention and nurses' checklist documentation of their indwelling catheter management practices. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 35(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monina-Hernandez/publication/340445613_Catheter-associated_urinary_tract_infection
|
Surgical wards |
50 nurses |
Mixed method study using questionnaires and focus groups |
Nurses who cared for many patients failed to perform some significant clinical tasks. |
Healthcare organizations should use adequate staffing levels to reduce medical errors like UTIs. |
|
Meddings, J., Manojlovich, M., Ameling, J. M., Olmsted, R. N., Rolle, A. J., Greene, M. T., ... & Saint, S. (2019). Quantitative results of a national intervention to prevent hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a pre–post observational study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S38-S44. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3534
|
Different departments in healthcare organizations. |
387 hospitals |
Pre-post observation study |
The factors inherent in an organization, such as the staffing levels, impact the outcome of care. |
It is necessary to ensure that there are adequate staffing ratios in healthcare organizations. |
|
Murphy, A., Griffiths, P., Duffield, C., Brady, N. M., Scott, A. P., Ball, J., & Drennan, J. (2021). Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14860
|
A total of six acute wards in three hospitals. |
5544 patients |
Cohort study |
Inadequate staffing levels result in nursing-sensitive indicators that prolong patients' stay in healthcare facilities. |
Nursing staffing levels should be evaluated to reduce incidences of nursing-sensitive indicators. |
|
Parker, V., Giles, M., Graham, L., Suthers, B., Watts, W., O'Brien, T., & Searles, A. (2017). Avoiding inappropriate urinary catheter use and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI): a pre-post control intervention study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-017-2268-2
|
Acute care hospitals |
502 participants |
Mixed method |
UTIs are linked directly to inadequate care that results from low staffing levels. |
Increasing nursing staffing levels should be adopted an evidence-based practice that reduces nursing-sensitive indicators. |
|
Topal, J., Conklin, S., Camp, K., Morris, V., Balcezak, T., & Herbert, P. (2019). Republished: Prevention of Nosocomial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Through Computerized Feedback to Physicians and a Nurse-Directed Protocol. American Journal of Medical Quality, 34(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1062860619873170
|
Acute wards in hospitals. |
76participants |
Mixed method |
The staffing levels of healthcare organizations determine the quality of care that patients receive. |
There is a need to ensure that the staffing levels in a healthcare organization are adequate. |
References
Gad, M. H., & AbdelAziz, H. H. (2021). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature. Cureus, 13(7). https://www.cureus.com/articles/60449-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-in-the-adult-patient
Hernandez, M., King, A., & Stewart, L. (2019). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention and nurses' checklist documentation of their indwelling catheter management practices. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 35(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monina-Hernandez/publication/340445613_Catheter-associated_urinary_tract_infection
Meddings, J., Manojlovich, M., Ameling, J. M., Olmsted, R. N., Rolle, A. J., Greene, M. T., ... & Saint, S. (2019). Quantitative results of a national intervention to prevent hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a pre–post observational study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S38-S44. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3534
Murphy, A., Griffiths, P., Duffield, C., Brady, N. M., Scott, A. P., Ball, J., & Drennan, J. (2021). Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14860
Parker, V., Giles, M., Graham, L., Suthers, B., Watts, W., O'Brien, T., & Searles, A. (2017). Avoiding inappropriate urinary catheter use and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI): a pre-post control intervention study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-017-2268-2
Topal, J., Conklin, S., Camp, K., Morris, V., Balcezak, T., & Herbert, P. (2019). Republished: Prevention of Nosocomial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Through Computerized Feedback to Physicians and a Nurse-Directed Protocol. American Journal of Medical Quality, 34(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1062860619873170
