Physical science 8
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PhysicalScience7.docxRunning head: Physical science 1
Physical science 5
Physical science
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Part 1
Nature of the mineral forming process
Mineral formation process occurs when rocks are heated to an extent that atoms of different elements engage in movements joining to form different molecules. The process occurs in three main ways which result into classification of minerals into three categories. The first process is precipitation from aqueous solution in which ions from a solution combine to form solid minerals. The solution is comprised of various ions or atoms dissolved in a solvent such as water. There are different minerals that can be dissolvent in water as the solvent. Among the common minerals that dissolve in water to form the aqueous solution include halite or table salt. The precipitation process is dependent on factors such as temperature and pressure. Changes in the environment can cause the minerals to dissolve in water forming aqueous solution and change into crystals with more changes in environment factors such as temperature and pressure.
The second process is crystallization from Magma which involves the use of energy. Increased temperatures cause violent vibrations that break chemical bonds and the crystal melts into Magma. When the Magma is extruded on the surface as lava, it starts cooling forming into a mineral crystal. The third category of mineral formation refers to precipitation by organisms where the organisms build shells, bones and body coverings by extracting ions from the water after which the ions are precipitated into minerals biologically (Retana-Lobo et al, 2020).
Diastrophism
The concept is used in describing the process in which the Earth’s crust deforms through natural processes. It is through diastrophism that various physical features such as plateaus, mountain systems, ocean basins and continents are formed. The two main characteristics of processes that occur in the diastrophism process is faulting and folding. The movement of molten material covered by volcanism as opposed to the movement of solid crust material covered under diastrophism causes bending of the rocks. There are three main processes covered under diastrophism: earthquakes, faults and volcanoes (Beasecker et al, 2020).
Part 2
The Big Bang Theory gives various recommendations in relation to the ultimate fate of the universe based on the theory of formation. The theory use the evidence derived from past processes to make recommendations on what is likely to happen in future. One of the recommendations relates to the maximum size of the universe at which it would reach. Based on the cosmologists if the critical density was smaller than the mass density of the universe, the universe is likely to reach a maximum size after which it will start collapsing. The collapse would result into increase in density and it would become hotter ending with a similar state as it began. The second recommendation is based on the mass density being equal to the critical density. Based on the theory, if the critical density is equal to the mass density, the expansion would be slower but the expansion would never stop. However, the process of star formation would stop cease due to the consumption of interstellar gas in each of the galaxy. The stars would burn out leaving neutron stars, white dwarfs and black holes. Increased collisions of the three products would cause mass accumulation of larger black holes (Keranen, 2017).
Conclusion
There has been increased criticism on the misconceptions of the Big Bang Theory in relation to how the Earth came into existence. However, the recent theories do not give sufficient support similar to the Big Bang Theory on aspects that can be tested. This makes the Big Bang Theory widely used and relied on by majority of the scientists. However, there is a large research gap to be filled with more future research activities.
Reference
Beasecker, J., Chamberlin, Z., Lane, N., Reynolds, K., Stack, J., Wahrer, K., ... & Brandt, D. (2020). It’s Time to Defuse the Cambrian “Explosion”. GSA Today, 30(12).
Keranen, R. (2017). The Big Bang Theory. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC.
