Philosophy essay

INTRO. TO PHILOSOPHY : FINAL EXAM: CHAPTERS 12, 13, 16, AND 17, SPRING 2020

FILL IN THE BLANKS: PLACE THE CORRECT ANSWER IN THE SPACE IN FRONT OF THE STATEMENT: ONE AND ONE-HALF POINTS EACH

1.________________________________This economist believed that that overpopulation occurred because the food supply increased at an arithmetical rate while the population increased at a geometrical rate.

2._______________________________Jeremy Bentham’s principle of utility said that we should create the greatest amount of this for the greatest number of people.

3._______________________________This follower of Jeremy Bentham added the notion of the quality of pleasures to Utilitarianism.

4.________________________________Marx obtained his concept of the dialectic from this philosopher.

5.________________________________Marx believed that the proletariat would be victorious in its struggle with this social class.

6._______________________________This friend of Marx, who was the son of a wealthy German textile executive, edited some of Marx’ works and aided Marx financially.

7._______________________________According to Marx this occurs when the worker is no longer at home with his or her labor.

8._______________________________According to Nietzsche life is governed by the will to obtain this.

9._______________________________This philosopher influenced Nietzsche with his philosophy of pessimism which said that life was disappointing.

10.______________________________According to Nietzsche faith in this religion was part of the cultural sickness of modernity.

11.______________________________To Nietzsche this “higher type” of a more than human being that would emerge by overcoming conventional morality and religion.

12.______________________________ Wittgenstein and the analytic philosophers based their philosophy on the analysis of this.

13.______________________________According to Nietzsche slave morality constitutes the value system of this kind of man.

MULTIPLE CHOICE: PLACE THE LETTER FOR THE CORRECT ANSWER IN THE SPACE IN FRONT OF THE STATEMENT: ONE AND ONE-HALF POINTS EACH

14._____________Marx obtained his concept of materialism from this philosopher.

A. Lincoln B. Chatsworth C. Feuerbach D. Ziegler

15.______________Marx obtained his concept of class struggle from this French radical thinker.

A. Flaubert B. Rincon C. Brunet D. St. Simon

16._____________Marx believed that the substructure of society determined the nature of this of society.

A. Racial composition B. Superstructure C. Atmosphere D. Equalibrium

17.______________This is what Marx called it when the workers identify with the economic system that oppresses them.

A. Stupidity B. Ignorance C. Co-option D. Disease

18.______________Where Marx believed that under capitalism the workers would eventually rise up and carry out one of these..

A. Reform B. Revolution C. Reaction D. Capitulation

19.______________According to Bentham, when deciding to do something, if this outweighs the pleasure in doing it we shouldn’t do it.

A. Headiness B. Exuberance C. Enlightenment D. Pain

20.______________Benthan believed that in addition to teaching skills and knowledge necessary for the individual to live well, the schools should teach this.

A. Benediction B. Delight C. Altruism D. Physical Education

21.______________Mills believed that we should seek this instead of mere contentment.

A. Duplicity B. Happiness C. Cohesiveness D. Vindictiveness

22._____________This is the name for the form of relativism that Nietzsche espoused.

A. Utilitarianism B. Esotericism C. Egoism D. Perspectivism

23._____________According to this philosophy, the universe lacks meaning and purpose.

A. Transcendentalism B. Objectivism C. Nihilism D. Opportunism

24.______________To Nietzsche this was another word for the group.

A. Solitary B. Herd C. Isolated D. Established

25._____________This is the name of the ego defense mechanism that prevents dangerous desires from expressed by endorsing opposite attitudes.

A. Reaction formation B. Impossible endeavor C. Fractious frenzy D. Reconstruction

26.______________Although analytic philosophy emerged in England in 1912, this type of philosophy emerged on the European mainland during the 20th Century.

A. Your father’s B. Undisputed C. Official D. Continental

TRUE OR FALSE: PLACE A “T” IN THE SPACE IN FRONT OF THE STATEMENT IF IT IS TRUE AND AN “F” IN THE SPACE IN FRONT OF THE STATEMENT IF IT IS FALSE: ONE AND ONE-HALF POINTS EACH

27.________Malthus believed that it was very important to raise the minimum wage in order to help the worker.

28.________Bentham believed that the use of the hedonic calculus would make Utilitarianism more scientific.

29._________Bentham praised the owners, bosses, and ruling classes for helping the worker.

30._________Bentham believed that the government should show the individual how promoting society’s happiness would promote his or her individual happiness also.

31._________Mill believed that the way to determine which of two pleasures was superior was to obtain a consensus of opinion of those who have experienced both pleasures.

32._________Marx believed that mystification was a good thing for philosophy to be based on.

33._________Marx believed that competition was a good thing for society.

34._________Marx believed one way in which alienation was expressed was in the exploitation of nature.

35._________Marx and Engels predicted that the exploitation of the proletariat would not cease until members of the proletariat realized that their class interests were the same.

36._________Marx believed that different ethnic, gender, age and religious groups should each pursue their own particular interests and not join together as workers.

37._________Marx believed that humans are lazy by nature.

38._________Nietzsche saw the German leader Otto Von Bismarck as an example of a higher morality based on strength, power and the will to dominate.

39._________Nietzsche believed that the group was superior to the individual.

40._________According to Nietzsche the herd man pursues power in an underhanded way while the overman pursues power openly, honestly, and nobly.

ESSAYS: ANSWER TWO OF THE FOUR ESSAY QUESTIONS: TWENTY POINTS EACH

1. How did Jeremy Bentham believe that we should treat animals?

1. Why did John Stuart Mill believe that some people did not seek higher pleasures?

1. What did Karl Mark believe that the substructure of society was based on?

1. What did Nietzsche want to replace objectivity, universality, and reason with?