Week 16- reflection- Research

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Phase 4 – Research Results

Name of Student

Name of Course

Name of Institution

July 12, 2022

Abstract

The purpose of this phase of the project is to analyze collected data to formulate research results. Using numerical data from questionnaires, the graphical illustration will show the correlation between causes, incidents and the number of nurses involved. This phase will analyze some common causes leading to complications in treatment. The correlation analysis will help understand how nurses are involved in medication errors and which is the most common error because of nursing practice. This correlation will be illustrated through two graphs. Secondly, the phase will illustrate evidence-based preventive measures and the relative frequency of each measure to solve the problem. The illustration will guide healthcare organizations in their efforts to improve health outcomes. The paper will mark whether the results answer research questions or not.

Introduction to the Results

This phase of the research paper analyzes collected data from the target population and discusses the results. Result analysis will reveal the correlation between incident reports, causes that raise such incidents, and the number of nurses involved at the incident site. The correlation between common causes of incidence and nurses' involvement helps us understand whether nurses fail to manage patient care efficiently or if there are other causes of the incident. Collected data will be evaluated in terms of statistical or numerical numbers to provide a focused and concise answer about the research. The previous phase analyzed common causes of Heparin errors through the questionnaire distributed among the target population. In this phase, we will discuss how specific causes lead to severe incidents and adverse patient outcomes.

Most Common Errors	No. of Incidents	No. of Nurses involved
COMPLICATED DOES AND DELIVERY PROTOCOLS	4	2
Poor interpersonal communication	3	6
Incorrect medicine prescribed	2	4
Lack of professionalism among staff	5	7
Total	14	19

Table 1: Most Common Error, No. of Incidents and No. of Nurses Involved

The table above shows us the correlation between incident reports and causes which raises such incidents. For example, two times, patients faced incorrect medicine prescribed in the past three months, and four nurses involved in this process failed to recognize the damage they caused. This incident raises the question of whether nurses in the healthcare facility are educated and skilled enough to recognize suitable medicines for patients to avoid medication errors and complications they face.

From the data presented in this table, we can illustrate the causes or different incidents contributing to the medication error occurrence. The first graph will demonstrate the correlation between causes and the number of nurses involved. And the second graph will demonstrate the correlation between causes and number of incidents to check the frequency of occurrence of medication error and how it might affect the care practice.

The graph above indicates that most causes happen because of a lack of professionalism among staff. Lack of professionalism means staff members do not formally practise medicine prescription and fail to monitor patient diagnosis efficiently. Nurses do not confirm the medicine prescribed and delivered before giving it to the patient. According to research, Heparin drugs are more likely to cause severe harm to patients in case of complicated doses, unequal adherence to treatment and poor monitoring (Al-ani et al., 2020).

The second graph will illustrate the correlation between common causes and the number of nurses involved. This illustration will help to understand the frequency of irresponsive or poorly engaged staff who need replacement or training to address the medical problem.

The pie chart illustration of the correlation between several nurses involved and common causes shows that most nurses are involved in prescribing the wrong medicine to patients, leading to wrong orders and interrupted doses. It shows that nurse training is crucial for a careful prescription because a wrong prescription could affect the overall process of care. The second major involvement of nurses is in poor interpersonal communication. It shows that having direct and timely communication between nurses could reduce medication errors (Chuvukenke, 2015). The chart from the table indicates that nurses play a crucial role in the medication error under discussion; thus, by nurse training, we can improve care outcomes and reduce medication error.

Analysis of the problem and possible solutions in the previous phase provides solutions for the healthcare organization to address medication errors (Howarth, 2016). The table below highlights evidence-based changes recommended in healthcare practice and the frequency of change each solution will bring to the healthcare organization.

solution	no. OF RELATIVE INCIDENTS	RELATIVE FREQUENCY
COMPETENT AND EXPERIENCED NURSES	5	40%
IMPROVED INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION	3	28%
NURSING EDUCATION	4	22%
COLLABORATIVE PRACTICES	2	10%
Total	14	100%

Table 2: Evidence-based solutions, number of relative incidents and relative frequency

The table highlights how each prescribed event will improve healthcare practice. Evidence-based solutions to address the problem would help to improve overall outcomes and reduce medication errors in the healthcare setting. Illustrating the data in graphical form helps to understand the relative frequency of each solution. It would help the healthcare organization to focus on each solution based on the need.

The graphical illustration helps us understand each solution's relative frequency and guides healthcare organizations to focus on recruiting competent, skilled and experienced nurses to reduce medication errors (Yadav, 2019). Along with this, healthcare organizations should focus on improving interpersonal communication to improve medical practice and avoid expected errors.

Participant Size

Participant size There were 10 participants of the research all from critical medical units suffering in chronic diseases. Ages of research participants ranges between 20-65 years. 5 of them were males and 5 were women so that the research could be conducted properly. Children were avoided in this research. The participants were selected randomly so that accurate results could be availed. The selection was totally unbiased so that the facts could be driven out. Selecting few people helped to have better control on the research. The research was time consuming so limiting the participant was better to go with. Having a small participant size allowed to have in depth analysis of the given conditions and variables.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria

Statistical analysis is used to extract exact results of the problem to guide the solution. Research participants are suffering in chronic diseases to evaluate outcomes of medical negligence. The age of participants is defined older or younger than this are excluded from research. A certain age limit was set to carry out the research properly and it was strictly followed. It is better to focus the studied based on different parameters and age limit was the important parameter in this research (Jamjoom, 2019). Criteria for group was majorly the age ranging from 26-65. The best approach is to go with a focused group so that the outcomes can be compared against the variables and facts could be taken out. Exclusion and inclusion was based purely on the age of participants and it didn’t have anything to do with the type of medical issues they had been facing.

Conclusion

To conclude, the research results answer two of the research questions, which ask about associated factors for heparin errors, and the second question asks about the prevention of heparin error. The analysis of collected data and research evaluation reveals that common causes of heparin error could be addressed through staff teaching, training, improving interpersonal communication, and collaborating practices. The analysis of results using numerical data collected from questionnaires helps to understand a direct correlation between incidents that happen and nursing practice. Thus, the need is to focus on nursing education and improvement to address the issue.

References

AL-ANI, O. A. S. (2020). Intravenous medication administration errors can endanger the lives of patients. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 13(7), 169-173. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Omar-Al-Ani-3/publication/342739424

Jamjoom, B. A., & Davis, T. R. (2019). Why scaphoid fractures are missed. A review of 52 medical negligence cases. Injury, 50(7), 1306-1308.

Yadav, M., & Rastogi, P. (2015). A study of medical negligence cases decided by the district consumer courts of Delhi. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 37(1), 50-55.

Chukwuneke, F. N. (2015). Medical incidents in developing countries: A few case studies from Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract, 18(7), 20-24.

Howarth, G., & Hallinan, E. (2016). Challenging the cost of clinical negligence. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 106(2), 141-142.