Phase V .Apa Seven

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PHASE 3

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Phase 3: Implementation

The third phase will elaborate the complete implementation plan that how the decided

methodology will be implemented to complete the research study. The topic of study includes nurses'

attitudes towards palliative patient care, and the use of euthanasia will be focused on and aligned with

the methodology. The details about the data collection, data analysis, data interpretation will be the

discussion. The budget planning and the timeline of the study will also be discussed.

Steps

Choosing Participants

The methodology starts with the sampling, and the implementation phase starts from here to

the data analysis. The researcher has studied the different theoretical approaches of sampling relevant

studies, so the participation selection shows the researcher's knowledge of the subject. The sampling

process should be chosen carefully because failure to choose inappropriate sampling will result in

unexpected results (Asai, 2019).

Different sampling approaches and techniques can be used in the research study, and the

researcher needs to choose one that fits the subject of the study. It may look simple and easy, but the

whole process is highly complex, and the researcher has to study a lot to know what participants will

be suitable for the research. The appropriate decision-making approach needs to be used in this

process.

Before the selection, the exclusion criteria need to be defined, and it is to take the nurses in

the study. The subject is relevant to the nurses, so only they will be part of the study, and it also has

to be seen that only the nurses involved in palliative care will be taken. They will have the experience

of dealing with patients with severe illness and voluntary or involuntary use of euthanasia. Moreover,

the nurses should know the difficulties and challenges of dealing with such patients.

There will be 60 participants in the study, 50 participants will be faculty nurses, and ten will

be in-charge nurses. The nurses will be aged above 25 years of age, and it will be seen that the

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selection should be based on research experiences. Moreover, the details of the study can be

disturbed if the coronavirus persists (Berghs, 2005).

Euthanasia is an essential concern in nursing, and it is given either voluntary or involuntary,

and the nurses have to take care of them. Palliative care is essential for the patients, and the nurses

involved in it will be taken in the research. The nurses have to be chosen based on their knowledge of

the subject. Palliative care is essential, and it will be researched in detail by the experience of nurses.

There are specific characteristics of nurses who will be selected for the study, and they should

know the challenges of voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Euthanasia remains an arguable topic

because there are different ethical and moral standards are involved in its use. Moreover, the nurses

will be informed beforehand that their time will be taken for the interviews.

Coronavirus has affected all industries, and the healthcare industry has become highly

vulnerable. The hospitals have put high restrictions on the outsiders that they cannot visit without a

severe issue. The researchers usually plan to conduct the research and collect the data in live

interaction, but the situation might change. The coronavirus can alter the plan, and other ways will be

considered.

The priority will be to contact the nurses in the healthcare centers or the hospitals. Still, it

depends on the hospital administration and the nurses whether they will visit them or not. If physical

data collection is not possible, virtual meetings will be arranged.

The next step will be to contact the hospital management, and they will be informed of the

purpose of the research. The hospital management already knows the importance of using euthanasia

in the hospitals, and the nurses are required to use voluntary and involuntary euthanasia with the

patients. So, they will be asked to approve the 60 nurses and the whole duration of nurses.

Ethical Standards

A few ethical standards are essential for nursing, so they should be followed, and some of

them are discussed below.

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Consent

The research cannot be conducted without taking the consent of participants because it has

been seen that the research needs to be conducted for publishing purposes. If the participants are not

informed of the research purpose and the aim to collect the data, the circumstances will deteriorate.

So, the researcher needs to know why they are contacted and their role in the research. If they are

comfortable with the purpose of the research and their responsibilities, the nurses will then decide

whether they will be part of the research or not. All those who will agree will be contacted further for

the research (Cardiff University, 2014).

There is no possibility that a research project will only have advantages, but there are some

risks. It is part of ethical standards to inform the nurses about the side effects or risks of the research.

Moreover, it is seen that the researcher will have the duty to inform them the confidential information

about the research. The researcher does not disclose the facts about the research before time, but the

participants are necessary to be announced. If they are not told, the ethical standards will be violated,

and the research will lack the aspect of ethical considerations.

Confidentiality

After selecting participants, they are given assurance by the researcher that their privacy will

not be disturbed. Sometimes, the personal information is to be collected as well because the names,

contact numbers, and other details are necessary, so the participants are hesitant to give their details

because they are not sure whether they will use it for the research purpose only or if there will be any

other use. The nurses are the participants, and they are educated to understand the nature of research

easily. The research will give them the guarantee that there is no use of personal data. Everything will

be saved and will be wasted after the completion of the research. So, these factors should be kept in

mind during the research (Casterle, 2006).

Autonomy

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Autonomy is similar to the consent of participants, so the final stage will be to ask the

participants that they want to be a part of the research. If they're going to be part of it, a consent form

will be given to them, and they will sign it to ensure that they have decided on their own and have

given the surety that the researcher will keep the data safe private. So, they are agreed to be part of

the research (Ferrell, 2018).

Beneficence

All the professions have respect and dignity, and no one is allowed to mistreat it. For

example, if the nurses are taken as participants, they will be respected. There is no reason to harm

their privacy and respect. The hospital management and administration will be ensured that their staff

and nurses will be given high respect. Their dignity is essential for the researcher, and he will be

thankful to allow them to be a part of the research (Henson, 2016).

Data Analysis

The next step that helps to interrupt, describe and analyze the data is data analysis. The

statistical tools are used to know the probability of the relationship and prediction of the relationship

between the variables. The research will be a mixed methodology, including both the qualitative and

quantitative approaches. So, it will be in consideration to know the appropriate statistical techniques.

The basic and descriptive statistics will be used for data analysis (Wright, 2016).

Training

The research outcomes will decide the shortcomings in palliative care, and nurses will be

given guidelines on how they should deal with the patients and the gaps that need to be addressed

(Weaver, 2018).

Timeline

Table 1

Gantt Chart

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Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Choosing Participants

Moral and Ethical protocols training

Data gathering process

Data Analysis

Training of nurses

Final report submission

Budget

It is the most important section of the report because it includes the expenditure and costs of

different activities involved in the research. The table shows the details of costs and budget.

Table 2

Budget

Item Cost ($)

Promotion 600

Training for ethical standards 1300

Survey costs 1200

Result analysis 1700

Training for nurses 12000

Total 16,800

References

Asai, A., Ohnishi, M., Nagata, S. K., Tanida, N., & Yamazaki, Y. (2019). Doctors' and nurses'

Attitudes towards and experiences of voluntary euthanasia: a survey of members of the

Japanese Association of Palliative Medicine. Journal of medical ethics, 27(5), 324-330.

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Berghs, M., De Casterle, B. D., & Gastmans, C. (2005). The complexity of nurses’ attitudes toward

euthanasia: a review of the literature. Journal of Medical Ethics, 31(8), 441-446.

Cardiff University. (2014). Palliative Medicine for Health Care Professionals

(MSc)https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught/courses/course/palliative-

medicine-for-health-care-professionals-MSc-part-time. Cardiff University. Retrieved

26 September 2021, from

https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught/courses/course/palliative-medicine-

for-health-care-professionals-MSc-part-time.

Dierckx de Casterle, B. (2006). Nurses' views on their involvement in euthanasia: a qualitative

study in Flanders (Belgium). Journal Of Medical Ethics, 32(4), 187-192.

https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2005.011783

Ferrell, B. R., Twaddle, M. L., Melnick, A., & Meier, D. E. (2018). National consensus project

clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care guidelines. Journal of palliative

medicine, 21(12), 1684-1689.

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Henson, L. A., Gomes, B., Koffman, J., Daveson, B. A., Higginson, I. J., & Gao, W. (2016).

Factors associated with the aggressive end of life cancer care. Supportive Care in

Cancer, 24(3), 1079-1089.

Weaver, M. S., Wichman, B., Bace, S., Schroeder, D., Vail, C., Wichman, C., & Macfadyen,

A. (2018). Measuring the impact of the home health nursing shortage on family

caregivers of children receiving palliative care. Journal of Hospice and Palliative

Nursing, 20(3), 260.

Wright, A. A., Keating, N. L., Ayanian, J. Z., Chrischilles, E. A., Kahn, K. L., Ritchie, C. S., ...

& Landrum, M. B. (2016). Family perspectives on aggressive cancer care near the end of

life. Jama, 315(3), 284-292.