Research paper

Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care/2018/Volume 17 117

Big Pharma Gives Millions to Congress

Pharmaceutical companies contribute millions of dollars to U.S. senators and

representatives as part of a multipronged effort to influence health care lawmaking and

spending priorities. Kaiser Health News (KHN) recently developed a database of

contributions by pharmaceutical manufacturers to members of Congress for the past 10

years (1). This was done by examining campaign finance reports from the Federal

Election Commission to track donations from political action committees (PACs). The

amounts are totaled quarterly and the exact amounts but can change as amendments

and refunds are reported. Occasionally, refunds are reported in a different cycle from

the original contribution, resulting in a negative total for the cycle. The database can be

used to look up any individual candidate or pharmaceutical company and will be

updated periodically according to KHN. Contributions to members of Congress from the

Southwest states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Nevada and New Mexico are

summarized in Appendix 1.

The drug industry ranks among lawmakers' most generous patrons. In the past decade,

Congress has received $79 million from 68 pharma political action committees, or

PACs, run by employees of companies that make drugs. The amount has steadily

increased each year from $11.8 million in 2008 to $15.8 million last year. Since the

beginning of last year, 34 lawmakers have each received more than $100,000 from

pharmaceutical companies. In the Southwest one of those – Rep. Kevin McCarthy of

California, the House Republican majority leader, received more than $200,000 so far

this election cycle (2017 and 2018 to date) and has received more than $1,000,000

over the past 10 years (Appendix 1).

While PAC contributions to candidates are limited, a larger donation frequently

accompanies individual contributions from the company's executives and other

employees. According to Medpage Today, it also sends a clear message to the

recipient, one they may remember when lobbyists come calling: “There's more where

that came from” (2).

The KHN analysis shows that pharmaceutical companies give generously to a wide swath of lawmakers. Since the beginning of 2017, drug makers contributed to 217 Republicans and 187 Democrats, giving only slightly more on average to Republicans, who currently control both chambers of Congress (2). This was also the case for Democrats during the 2010 election cycle, when they controlled Congress.

Money also tends to flow to congressional committees with jurisdiction over

pharmaceutical issues that can affect things like drug pricing and FDA approval. in early

2017, For Example, Rep. Greg Walden from Oregon has watched his coffers swell

since he became chairman of the powerful House Committee on Energy and

Commerce (1). Walden has received over $278,000 this election cycle. The six

members of the committee from Southwest states (Reps. Walters, Eshoo, DeGette,

Matsui, McNerney, and Peters) have also received $415,500 to date.

Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care/2018/Volume 17 118

Nearly 50 drug makers made contributions with the amount roughly following the size of

the company. Genentech, Pfizer, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly were the top

5 over the past 10 years. The PAC for Purdue Pharma, the embattled opioid

manufacturer, gave to only a handful of members this cycle. However, it focused much

of its giving on lawmakers from North Carolina, its headquarters for manufacturing and

technical operations. Insys, the opioid manufacturer from Chandler, Arizona, was not

listed as making any contributions.

Campaign contributions tell only part of the story. Drugmakers also spend millions of

dollars lobbying members of Congress. So far over $430 million has been spent this

election cycle by pharmaceutical companies lobbying Congress (3). Another source is

indirect lobbying through to patient advocacy groups, which provide patients to testify

on Capitol Hill and organize social media campaigns on drug makers' behalf. A previous

investigation by Kaiser Health News, "Pre$cription for Power," examined charitable

giving by top drugmakers and found that 14 of them donated a combined $116 million to

patient advocacy groups in 2015 alone (4).

Previous studies have suggested that political contributions may influence voting

behavior. These sizable contributions may help explain, at least in part, why drug prices

in the US are the highest in the world and why Congressional legislation regulating

these prices has been so difficult to pass.

Richard A. Robbins, MD

Editor, SWJPCC

References

1. Lucas E, Lupkin S. Pharma cash to Congress. Kaiser Health News. October 16, 2018. Available at: https://khn.org/news/campaign/ (accessed 10/23/18).

2. Huetteman E, Lupkin S. Drugmakers funnel millions to lawmakers. Medpage Today. October 16, 2018. Available at: https://www.medpagetoday.com/washington- watch/electioncoverage/75737?xid=nl_mpt_investigative2018-10- 23&eun=g687171d0r&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=In vestigateMD_102318&utm_term=InvestigativeMD (accessed 10/23/18).

3. Pharmaceuticals/health products. OpenSecrets.org. August 28, 2018. Available at: https://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/indusclient.php?id=h04 (accessed 10/23/18).

4. Kopp E, Lucas E, Lupkin S. Pre$cription for power. Kaiser Health News. 2018. Available at: https://khn.org/patient- advocacy/#+initialWidth=1170&childId=patient_advocacy&parentTitle=Pre%24criptio n%20For%20Power%3A%20KHN%20Patient%20Advocacy%20DatabaseKaiser%2 0Health%20News&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fkhn.org%2Fpatient-advocacy%2F (accessed 10/23/18).