Side PanelExpand side panel Breadcrumb: Week 6 - Assignment: Analyze Qualitative Data (2-4 pages)
Payne0517
PayneABus738004.pptxQualitative Research Designs
BUS-7380 Qualitative Business Research Design and Methodology
Week 4
Amenia Payne
Dr. Lawrence Ness
June 7 2020
PROBLEM STATEMENT
This qualitative study is aimed at evaluating the effect human resource management (HRM) policies has on an organization and how it performs.
Human resource management policies are vital for the organization as they determine its performance.
The policies are also responsible for the development of employees’ welfare in the organization.
A couple of studies present and agree on work frameworks that foster the keeping of value workers. These include total enrollment of representatives and methods of choice, motivator pay, and broad worker inclusion and preparation (Kalleberg & Moody, 1994). These frameworks are meant to elevate the company as far as the organization's position in the present and future representation is concerned. There is a myriad of factors that contribute to employee turnover. However, it is essential to note that employee turnover can emerge extremely high in a split second, a turnover that is uncalled for presents challenges to the organization. While there is a decrease in the accessibility of talented representatives, the outcome is a unique challenge in holding on to sought after workers. Today, it poses a problem for organizations to come into terms with the ideology behind employee retention and turnover and the methods to deploy for the overall process and to deal with turnover effectively with reliance on the following astonishing values. Basing on a study, employee turnover is far expensive, with a possibility of up to 200% of the salaries disbursed annually. The qualitative research study will be aimed at general human resource management systems as opposed to specific ones (Lepak et al., 2006). The research is geared towards answering these questions: How does relating human resource management practices to the organization's strategy in competition affect productivity and income? And in cases where the data becomes pragmatic, why do the results pose an argument.
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Qualitative Research Approach
In this approach, the research is not numerically based.
The research is carried out on an identified population in order to gather detailed data on their ideologies, life experiences, feelings and attitudes pertaining a given product or problem.
The research is conducted through research questions.
Qualitative research is an analytical approach in the investigation of the life of a community. The life of a community is filled with experiences. The variety includes behavior associated with the people, different features in the lives of people, the operation of organizations, and how relationships are built through meet-ups (Paterson & Higgs, 2005). Qualitative data is based on the aspects of the subject matter. The methods used are detailed and generally accepted. The researcher is vital in this process. Observational data may be collected through observations and visuals or artifacts. Qualitative research designs take different approaches. These include ethnography, narrative, phenomenological, grounded theory, and case study. The various methods provide an exhaustive look into qualitative data collection, each with its objective and the niche it satisfies with its flexibility put into consideration.
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Phenomenological Technique
This technique is an example of a qualitative research approach.
In this choice of research, the research questions are structured to obtain the experience of the participants in the identified situation.
The technique integrates interviews, observations and surveys to amass the required information from the participants.
This approach is geared towards the meaning of things from our experiences. It is a study that involves lived experience. The phenomenology study houses a variety of skills involving understanding levels, emotions and desires, thoughts, memory, and the researcher's imaginations, including social interactions (Aspers, 2009). This approach is famous for various researchers since time immemorial. It was not until recently in the 20th century that it gained recognition from Husserl. According to Husserl, phenomenology is centered upon our individual experiences in terms of ideas, thoughts, and concepts. This technique is an example of a qualitative research approach. In this choice of research, the research questions are structured to obtain the experience of the participants in the identified situation. The technique integrates interviews, observations and surveys to amass the required information from the participants
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Case Study Technique
This technique is comprehensive as it enables the researcher to gather a copious amount of data as compared to other techniques.
The technique provides an in-depth understanding to the intricacies surrounding the research problem.
Case studies are a basis for new ideas that can later be examined by other methods.
Case studies are the records of what happened. In this methodology, a researcher examines one or more social units for their purpose of study, which could include comprehensive reviews of a situation (Bitektine, 2008). The method of case studies involves an intense and detailed examination. This technique is extensive as it enables the researcher to gather a copious amount of data as compared to other methods. The method provides an in-depth understanding of the intricacies surrounding the research problem. Case studies are a basis for new ideas that can later be examined by other means (Hartley, 2004). To verify the history and acquire an adequate amount of data that will illustrate factual presumptions, its common to see these types of studies broadened and conducted over a lengthy period. The framework found within this method allows for a comprehensive study that envelopes the entire social unit. This method will enable the researcher to discover and interpret the intricate determinants operating within a social entity. Case studies depend upon collectively gathering information that involves a full perspective of life, deepening our perception, which will allow for an in-depth awareness of life. Behavior patterns are studied directly rather than indirectly, and efforts are made to understand the factors of random communal interrelationships. The design of the case study method presents advantageous theories simultaneously with the data that often becomes beneficial to testing, thus enabling the growth of generalized knowledge that can become richer and richer.
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Ethnography
This technique is based on cultural anthropology.
The researchers bury themselves into the culture of the target population for a given study period.
This is in a bid to get an understanding of the cultures, ambitions, difficulties, themes and inspiration that arise during the period of study.
Ethnography is a method of research that centers around discerning the world from the perspective of social relations (Brewer, 2000). This type of research is qualitative by design and grounded in culture, whether at home or abroad. This methodology requires on the job training. It's often conducted within a chosen culture. Ethnography becomes relevant when people are pertinent to the investigation. Ethnography is the primary method of social and cultural anthropology. Still, it is integral to the social sciences and humanities generally and draws its practices from many quarters, including the natural sciences. This technique is based on cultural anthropology. The researchers bury themselves into the culture of the target population for a given study period. This is in a bid to understand the customs, ambitions, difficulties, themes, and inspiration that arise during the period of study. This type of study is invasive and requires extended periods. Routinely, ethnographers researched by injecting themselves into the culture they were inquiring about for no less than a year. During this extensive collection of data, the local people became familiar with the ethnographer, and an interrelationship was formed between the researcher and the people. Observation is the essential method of collecting data by comprehensively immersing the researcher into the culture and way of life of the targeted people, becoming a daily participant in the phenomenon being observed. Although present ethnographers may not spend an entire year among the researched, a lot of time is still placed upon the collection of data from within the society.
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Narrative
This technique involves exhaustive interviews and reading of written material over the study period whereby an individual story is evaluated and its influence on the research topic documented.
The story has themes whereby it deduces various challenges posed that are a greenlight for innovations.
Narrative research is an approach that is dependent on written or verbally uttered words or a visual representation of the people (Polkinghorne, 1995). It involves stories that narrate the lives of people. Much consideration is placed on the story itself and how the story is told. It is very much appropriate for the investigation of real problems facing the world. Narrative research does not include a specified set of procedures. Data collected takes the form of field notes, journal records, interview transcripts, one's own and other's observations, storytelling, letter writing, autobiographical writing, documents such as school and class plans, newsletters, and other texts, such as rules and principles, and pictures and also audio and video recordings (Burns & Williams, 2000). All of these are useful data in narrative research. This technique involves exhaustive interviews and reading of written material over the study period whereby an individual story is evaluated and its influence on the research topic documented. The story has themes whereby it deduces various challenges posed that is a green light for innovations.
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Grounded Theory
This technique is set to provide answers, theories and conclusions that back up the events in the society.
Interviews and documents from a while ago are utilized to generate a theory in regards to the data.
It is essential in making informed decisions.
Grounded theory is a methodological approach that is well structured. It incorporates inductive reasoning (Lawrence & Tar, 2013). This technique is set to provide answers, theories, and conclusions that back up society's events. Interviews and documents from a while ago are utilized to generate theory in regards to the data. It is essential in making informed decisions. The researcher comes up with a theory from the field data. It has a sample size of approximately twenty to sixty. During data collection, interviews are first conducted then followed by open and later axial coding to interpret the data. The grounded theory stands out from other qualitative methods. The researcher picks up an already present theoretical structure and then looks for data and facts to validate or not to validate the application of the theory to the subject being investigated.
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Conclusion
For this research type, case study emerged as the preferred technique.
This conclusion is due to the benefits that accrue from the use of case study as compared to the other techniques.
The researcher benefits from a great deal of details that is comprehensive, legit and rich.
Research is an ongoing process. It is essential to use a research design that is flexible enough to accommodate changes in the future and help in further testing of hypotheses in the future. A case study offers a wide variety of sources from which one can attain relevant information for research and arrive at results. Case studies are usually carried out on rare situations where large samples of similar participants are unavailable. This is in connection with the in-depth data that is attained using this technique. This is vital as it helps in having extensive knowledge regarding the given topic and ensuring the appropriateness of the context. Therefore, unlike other research designs, this provides a researcher with the opportunity to have a broad base of content and availability of data essential in arriving at positive outcomes regarding the research and assessing the answers to the research questions and objectives. This is essential since one does not have to struggle so as to attain data on the given topic of interest. Case studies are suitable in a research process since, within this research design, it is possible to carry out scientific experiments. Scientific experiments are vital in complementing the research process and for attaining an analyzed set of results regarding the same. It is also a good research design since it can assist experiments in adapting various ideas as well as come up with novel hypotheses that can be utilized in other research purposes in the future. Therefore, the choice of research design is essential as compared to the phenomenological technique that is not wide in scope.
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Reference
Aspers, P. (2009). Empirical phenomenology: A qualitative research approach (The Cologne Seminars). Indo-pacific journal of phenomenology, 9(2), 1-12.
Kalleberg, A. L., & Moody, J. W. (1994). Human resource management and organizational performance. American behavioral scientist, 37(7), 948-962.
Lawrence, J., & Tar, U. (2013). The use of grounded theory technique as a practical tool for qualitative data collection and analysis. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 11(1), 29.
Lepak, D. P., Liao, H., Chung, Y., & Harden, E. E. (2006). A conceptual review of human resource management systems in strategic human resource management research. Research in personnel and human resources management, 25(1), 217-271.
Paterson, M., & Higgs, J. (2005). Using hermeneutics as a qualitative research approach in professional practice. The Qualitative Report, 10(2), 339-357.
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Reference
Burns, A. C., & Williams, L. A. (2000). Narrative text biases attending the critical incidents technique. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal.
Brewer, J. (2000). Ethnography. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Bitektine, A. (2008). Prospective case study design: qualitative method for deductive theory testing. Organizational research methods, 11(1), 160-180.
Hartley, J. (2004). Case study research.
Polkinghorne, D. E. (1995). Narrative configuration in qualitative analysis. International journal of qualitative studies in education, 8(1), 5-23.
