patho assignment week 5

profilerosario08
pathopowerpointpresentationpart1.ppt
Home>Nursing homework help>patho assignment week 5

Histoplasmosis

Iriabel Nepravishta

Chamberlain College of Nursing

November 6th , 2019

Histoplasmosis-Description

  • Research shows that histoplasmosis is a systematic disease that manifest itself in:
  • Lungs, liver, and in the bone marrow (Azar & Hage, 2017).
  • The warning signs of the disease are similar to pneumonia but in children the liver and spleen swell abnormally.
  • In adults the primary sign is pulmonary disease.
  • According to Benedict & Mody (2016) the ecological niche of the fungus (H. capsulatum), is in areas large amounts of birds.
  • The fungus is significant in areas with bats i.e. Mexico caves.
  • It means that in the endemic regions infected persons are asymptomatic.
  • History, skin test, and serologic testing are among the main diagnosis.

Pulmonary disease is the common fungal infections.

The fungus thrive in chicken houses and areas with many birds.

The disease is occupational is some regions of Mexico. Farmers are infected when harvesting the guano.

*

Parasitic Cycle of the Fungus.

4.bin

Fungal Infections.

  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis
  • Paracoccidioides barasilliensis
  • Coccidioides immitis
  • Crytococcus neoformas
  • Four of the above fungi apart from Crytococcus neoformas are dimorphic.
  • This means that they grow as filamentous molds.
  • Simply put when a person get infected the fungi change to a unicellular morphology.

If untreated the disease can be dangerous. Patients with pulmonary histoplasmosis shows the following signs: shortness of breath, dry cough, lose weight.

From X-ray the disease look like TB.

*

Fungi Transformation Cycle.

Cont.

Who Gets Histoplasmosis?

  • Anyone can be infected especially people living in areas with Histoplasma.
  • People with immunochemistry are more prone to the diseases.
  • People having HIV/AIDs, infants and senior population are more probable to get the disease.
  • Though the disease is not contagious it can disseminate from one organ to another.
  • Pets (dogs or cats) can get the disease.

To combat the disease, healthcare systems are mobilizing clean up in prone areas.

Monitoring trends.

To ensure accuracy public health agencies are investing in diagnostic tools.

Equipping laboratories.

*

Role of the FNP in Histoplasmosis Prevention

  • Examine patients using different criteria i.e. patient history or physical exam.
  • Educate patients and the entire society about prevention of diseases.
  • Create and implement care plans. I.e. spraying soil infected by fungus.
  • Ordering lab tests.
  • Interpret diagnostic tests-Help patients understand what they are suffering from.
  • Prescribe medications.
  • Counselling victims.
  • Create awareness of risk prone areas and put measures to prevent infection. (Morgan & Tarbi, 2016).

FNP help manage chronic conditions like HBP.

Treat minor injuries.

Work with communities to prevent spread of diseases.

Overall FNP plays a fundamental role in the healthcare sector.

It should be mentioned that FNP work together with other physicians to promote accessibility and quality of care.

*

Oral Histoplasmosis

Treatment.

  • Amphotericin B
  • However the medication has various side effects.
  • Voriconazole is also being prescribed.

References

  • Azar, M. M., & Hage, C. A. (2017). Laboratory diagnostics for histoplasmosis. Journal of clinical microbiology, 55(6), 1612-1620.
  • Benedict, K., & Mody, R. K. (2016). Epidemiology of histoplasmosis outbreaks, United States, 1938–2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22(3), 370.
  • Morgan, B., & Tarbi, E. (2016, February). The role of the advanced practice nurse in geriatric oncology care. In Seminars in oncology nursing (Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 33-43). WB Saunders.