Reflection paper

PART ONE CHAPTER 10

S O C I O E M O T I O N A L

D E V E L O P M E N T I N

A D O L E S C E N C E

Group1

By: Desiree Olivera

Identity Adolescence is a period of personal and social identity formation, in which different

roles, behaviors, and ideologies are explored.

During this time, said Erikson, adolescents are faced with deciding who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life.

Erik Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development

1ST STAGE Trust vs Mistrust

• this is the period of infancy through the first one or two

years of life. The child, well – handled, nurtured, and

loved, develops trust and security and a basic optimism.

Badly handled, he becomes insecure and mistrustful.

2ND STAGE Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

The child emerges from this stage sure of himself, elated

with his newfound control, and proud rather than ashamed.

Autonomy is not, however, entirely synonymous with

assured self possession, initiative, and independence but,

at least for children in the early part of this psychosocial

crisis, includes tantrums, stubbornness, and negativism

3RD STAGE Initiative vs. Guilt

• By learning to plan and achieve goals while interacting with

others, preschool children can master this task. Initiative, a

sense of ambition and responsibility, occurs when parents allow

a child to explore within limits and then support the child’s

choice. These children will develop self-confidence and feel a

sense of purpose. Those who are unsuccessful at this stage—with

their initiative misfiring or stifled by over-controlling parents—

may develop feelings of guilt.

4T H STAGE Industry vs. Inferiority

• Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see

how they measure up. They either develop a sense of pride

and accomplishment in their schoolwork, sports, social

activities, and family life, or they feel inferior and

inadequate because they feel that they don’t measure up. If

children do not learn to get along with others or have

negative experiences at home or with peers, an inferiority

complex might develop into adolescence and adulthood.

5T H STAGE • Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Adolescents struggle with questions such

as “Who am I?” and “What do I want to do

with my life?” Along the way, most

adolescents try on many different selves to

see which ones fit; they explore various roles

and ideas, set goals, and attempt to

discover their “adult” selves. Adolescents

who are successful at this stage have a

strong sense of identity and can remain

true to their beliefs and values in the face

of problems and other people’s perspectives.

6T H STAGE • Intimacy vs. Isolation

• After we have developed a sense of self in

adolescence, we are ready to share our life with

others. However, if other stages have not been

successfully resolved, young adults may have

trouble developing and maintaining successful

relationships with others. Erikson said that we must

have a strong sense of self before we can develop

successful intimate relationships. Adults who do

not develop a positive self-concept in adolescence

may experience feelings of loneliness and emotional

isolation.

7TH & 8TH STAGES

• (6th stage) Generativity involves finding your life’s work and

contributing to the development of others through activities such

as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. During this

stage, middle-aged adults begin contributing to the next

generation, often through childbirth and caring for others; they

also engage in meaningful and productive work which

contributes positively to society. (7 th

stage) From the mid-60s to

the end of life, we are in the period of development known as late

adulthood. People who feel proud of their accomplishments feel a

sense of integrity, and they can look back on their lives with few

regrets. However, people who are not successful at this stage may

feel as if their life has been wasted. They focus on what “would

have,” “should have,” and “could have” been.

FAMILIES

Families

• A D O L E S C E N C E T Y P I C A L L Y A L T E R S

T H E R E L A T I O N S H I P B E T W E E N

P A R E N T S A N D T H E I R C H I L D R E N .

A M O N G T H E M O S T I M P O R T A N T

A S P E C T S O F F A M I L Y

R E L A T I O N S H I P S I N A D O L E S C E N C E

A R E T H O S E T H A T I N V O L V E

P A R E N T A L A N D M A N A G E M E N T A N D

M O N I T O R I N G , A U T O N O M Y A N D

A T T A C H M E N T , A N D P A R E N T

A D O L E S C E N T C O N F L I C T .

Parental management and monitoring

Three ways that parents can engage in parental monitoring are:

solicitation (asking questions)

Control ( enforcing disclosure rules)

When youth don’t comply, snooping. ( snooping was relatively infrequent

parental monitoring tactic but was a better indicator of problems in

adolescent and family functioning than were solicitation and control.

Autonomy & attachment

• Adolescents ability to attain autonomy and gain control

over their behavior is facilitated by appreciate adult

reactions to their desire for control.

• As the adolescent pushes for autonomy, the wise adult

relinquishes control in those areas where the

adolescent can make reasonable decisions but continues

to guide the adolescents to make reasonable decisions

in areas which adolescents' knowledge is more limited.

• A recent study also found that from 16 to 20 years of

age, adolescents perceived that they had increasing

independence than girls and improved friendships with

their parents.

Autonomy & attachment

• In the past decade, researchers have explored whether secure

attachment also might be an important concept in adolescents'

relationships with their parents.

• Researchers also have found that’s securely attached adolescents are

less likely than those who are insecurely attached to have emotional

difficulties and to engage in problem behaviors such as juvenile

delinquency and drug abuse.

Parent adolescent conflict

• The everyday conflicts that characterize parental adolescent relationships may serve a

positive developmental function. These minor disputes and negotiations facilitate the

adolescents' transition from being dependent o parents becoming and autonomous

individual.

PEERS

Friendships & peer groups

F R I E N D S H I P S

• Teenagers typically prefer to have smaller

number of friendships that are more

intense and intimate than those of young

children

P E E R G R O U P S

• Peer groups consist of same-aged

individuals who share similar interests

and are a part of the same social class.

Dating and romantic relationships

Three stages characterize the development of romantic relationships in adolescence:

• Entering romantic attraction at about the age 11 to 13.

• Exploring romantic relationships at approximately age 14 to 16.

• Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds at about age 17 to 19.